Afzoish yake az khosiyathoi muhimmi olami or- ganiki meboshad va on ba hamai makhluqoti zinda, az bakteriyaho to shirkhuron, khos ast.
Sababi mavjudiyati navhoi hayvonot, rustani, bakteriyaho va zanburugho, idomai nasl dar bay- ni volidon va nasli onho afzoish meboshad. Bo khudofari digar khususiyati khosi organizmhoi zinda, yane inkishof niz sakht vobasta ast. In khususiyat baroi hamai organizmhoi zindai ruyi Zamin, az organizmhoi yakhujayra to nabototu hayvonoti serhujayra khos ast.
Afzoish shaklhoi gunogun dorad, vale hamai onhoro metavon ba du nav judo kard – jinsi va gayrijinsi.
Ivazshavii naslho va organizmhoro dar asosi hujayrahoi jinsi, ki az hisobi gadudhoi jinsi paydo shudaand, afzoishi jinsi menomand. Afzoishi jinsi dar davrai tahavvulot (evolyut- siya) tarzi progressivii inkishofi organizmi nav buda, az hiso- bi yakjoya shudani hujayrahoi jinsii volidoni gunogun ba vujud omadaast. Dar hayvonoti bemuhra bazan nutfa va hujayratukhm dar yak organizm pukhta merasand. In hodisaro khunosoi (germafro- ditizm) menomand. Rustanihoi guldor ham dujinsaand. Guli ak- sari namudhoi rustanihoi pushidatukhm dujinsa buda, dar onho az gardbarg jinsi narina va dar mevadon (pestik) hujayratukhm pay- do meshavad. Takhminan az chor yak hissai uzvho narina (gardbarg) va modina (mevabargho) dar gulhoe ba mushohida merasand, ki be- vosita az yakdigar inkishof meyoband, yane yakjinsaand, masalan, dar rustanii kenaf. Dar baze rustaniho, chunonchi, juvorimakka, tus gulhoi narina va modina dar yak rustani joy giriftaand.
Bo vujudi in, shart nest, ki organizmi nav az hisobi omezi- shi hujayrahoi jinsi ba vujud oyad. Dar baze namudhoi rustani va hayvonot holathoe niz joy dorand, ki az hisobi hujayratukh- mi bordornashuda organizmi nav paydo meshavad. CHunin shakli afzoishro dukhtari yo partenogenezi menomand. Hususiyati asosii afzoishi gayrijinsi dar on ast, ki fard na az hisobi hujayrahoi jinsi, balki az hisobi hujayrai jismi (somatik) paydo meshavad. In du shakli afzoishro purratar dida mebaroem.