ANGLIYA

Masohatash – 244,1 hazor km².

Aholiash – 60,7 mln. nafar.

Poitahtash – sh. London. Zaboni davlati – anglisi. Vohidi puli – funt-sterling.

Hayati qalamrav va mavqei iqtisodiyu geografi. Angliya dar chazirahoi Britani choigir buda, ba haiati on Angliya, SHotlandiya, Uels va Irlandiyai SHimoly dokhiland. Nomi Britaniyai Kabir az nomi jazirai kalontarini on, Angliya az khisobi tarikhi davlat girifta shudaast.

Mavqei daziravii on va khamdigarro burida guzashtani rokhkhoi baynalmilalii obiyu khavoy baroi mamlakat sharoiti musoid ba miyon ovardand. Hususan rokhkhoi bakhry ba Angliya imkoniyat medikhand, qi bo bisyor mamlakatkhoi jakhon ravobiti iqtisody doshta boshad. Aloqakhoi bisyortarafai berunaro mukhayyo kardaand.

Akholy. SHumorai akholii Angliya to asri XX bosurat meafzud. Solhoi okhir pastshavii surati afzoishi akholy ba nazar merasad. Meguyand, qi dar Angliya kholati pirshavii millat faro rasidaast. Sababi on qamshavii tavalludi tabiy va afzoishi khissai akholii qalonsol ast.

Baroi Angliya darajai khele balandi urbanizatsiya khos ast. Az panj jor khissai akholy soqini shakhr buda, az nisf ziyodi on dar shakhrkhoi qalonu aglomeratsiyakhoi shakhry zindagy mequnand. Kalontarini onro Londoni Kalon ba vujud ovardaast, qi shumorai akholii on ziyoda az 12 mln nafar ast. Vobasta ba ziyodshavii urbanizatsiya vazi eqology tezu tund gardidaast.

SHaqli asosii soqinshavii dekhot makhalkhoi judogonai fermery meboshand.

Hayati sinfii akholy bo khissai khele balandi qorgaroni qiroya farq mequnad. Akholii az jikhati iqtisody faol az 90 darsad beshtar ast. Az in qamtar az yaq darsad ba qishovarzy rost meoyad. Dar bayni ziyoiyon shumorai qorqunoni sokhai bonqy va idoravy ziyod buda, onkhoro qlerqkho yo «girebonsafed»-kho menomand. Tabaqai burjuaziya va fermerkho qamand, ziyoda az 3 darsadi akholii mamlaqatro burjuaziyai qalon va lendlordkho tashqil dodaand, qi khoqimiyati siyosy va nisfi daromadi milly dar ikhtiyori onkho meboshad.

Angliya nisbatan mamlaqati yaqmillata meboshad, 4/5 qismi akholiro angliskho, boqimondaro shotlandikho, irlandikho, uelskho tashqil menamoyand. In khalqiyatkho urfu odat, madaniyati qablii khudro nigokh doshtaand. Onkho dinu mazkhabkhoi guno- gunro parastish (irlandikho asosan qatoliqy, shotlandikho protestanti, angliskho payravi qalisoi anglijany) mequnand. Bayr az muqimy injunin 1800 khazor qorgaroni khorijy – khindukho, poqistonikho, arabkho, jinikho va afriqoikho zindagy menamoyand.

Sokhti davlatii Angliya monarkhiyai qonstitutsiony buda, sardori davlat shokh meboshad, ammo dar amal khoqimiyat dar dasti sarvazir meboshad, ki onro intikhob menamoyand. Angliya rokhbari bo nom «Ittikhodiya»-i sobik dominiankho va mustamlikakho meboshad, ki kholo mustakil gardidaand.