Home / Ilm / Abdurrahmoni Mushfiqi

Abdurrahmoni Mushfiqi

Ioir va hajvnigori nomii tojik Abdurrahmoni Mushfiqi dar shahri Bukhoro, taqriban soli 1525 tavallud shudaast. Padaru boboi shoir aslan az Marv budaand. In ast, ki Mushfiqi bazan ba Marvi budani khud ishoraho mekunad. SHoir dar shahri Samarqand ba Abdullohkhon qasidae navishta, az mulki khesh, az Bukhoro dur aftodani khudro khabar medihad.

2

«Garibi mulki khesham dar zamoni davlatat, shoho!»

Mushfiqi dar khurdsoli avval az padar va bad az modar yatim memonad. Dar in bora baze ishorahoi sharhiholii u guvohI medihand. CHunonchi:

Bo padar khursand budam, bevafoi kard umr,

Mehr bar modar nihodam, yoft modar ham vafot.

Mushfiqi az sababi tangii maishi ba khidmati yake az hunar mandoni shahri Bukhoro dokhil shuda, az u bisyor dastgiriho mebinad. Bo dastgirii in mardi sharif tahsili ibtidoiro ba poyon rasonida, ba madrasa dokhil meshavad.Mushfiqi ilmhoi jorii zamonaash: hikmat, hayat, nujum, ramlu hisob, kalomro khub meomuzad. Hususan ulumi adabi va az in miyon nazmro beshtar dust medorad:

SHer obi hayot ast, khush on nom, ki monad Jovid zi obi sukhani mardi sukhandon.

Davrai avvali sabzish va kamoloti manavii shoir dar shahri Bukhoro siparI meshavad. U sherguiro dar hamin shahr shuru kardaast. Maktabhoi adabii Bukhoro Mushfiqiro hamchun shoiri tavono mepazirand, vale hasudoni darbory uro khele fishor medihand. SHoir dar javoni goliban ashori mutoibavi guftaast, zero davroni yatimi va beparastorii u ba ejodi chunin ashor bois gardidaast.

Mushfiqi soli 1564 ba Samarqand meoyad, ki shoyad sababi safari shoir hamono tangii maishi boshad. SHoir dar Samarqand ba vazifai kitobdori Sulton Said pazirufta meshavad va dah sol dar in shahr iqomat mekunad. U dar sitoishi Sulton Said chand qasida niz ejod kardaast va devoni yakumi gazaliyoti khudro niz ba in hokim bakhshidaast. Az baze ishorahoi shoir paydost, ki ruzgori u dar Samarqand niz chandon khub nabudaast:

Honi oliqadri kayvonmanzilat Sulton Said, Peshi dargohi tu garduni muallo hej nest. Arzi holi man, ki hastam zarrae beetibor, Nazdi khurshedi zamiri olamoro hej nest. SHud se soli rost, k-az jinsi javu gandum maro Dona juz dar mazrai Parvinu Javzo hej nest. Qura afkandam baroi fol, muron saf zadand, Nuqtahoro dona pindorand, ammo hej nest.

Hamin guna ishorahoi shikoyati dar ashori Mushfiqi khele ziyod ba nazar merasad. Aksari ishorahoi shoir mohiyati ijtimoi doshta, hasrati adib az tangii maishi meboshad:

SHaho, tu mardumi chashmi savodi olamro, Ba lutfu rahmati tu mardume nameyobam. SHunidaam, ki Samarqand jannati dunyost, CHi Odamam, ki dar u gandume nameyobam.

Bazan chunin holat ham rukh dodaast, ki inomhoi khon hatto ba shoir yo qisman va yo umuman namerasidaand. CHunin munosibat Mushfiqiro vodor kardaast, ki bevosita u ba khudi shoh murojiat namoyad:

Podshoho, chakmani inomro mehtar nadod, Dar libosi nazm bo u guftugu khohad shudan. CHun ba tavri oshti chize az u hosil nashud, Jangi chakman dar miyoni movu u khohad shudan.

Dar baze mavridho Mushfiqi ba vaziri khon-Osaf ham murojiat namuda, ba in vosita shohu vazirro az nobasomonihoi dokhili darbor ogoh mesozad, ki «ob az sar loy ast» va boyad peshi chunin kirdorhoi zisht girifta shavad:

Osafo, shab omadam suyi visoqi khud savor, Aspi miskini maro az fikr sar bolo nashud. Dar khayoli jav hama shab didai u meparid, Hostam bar chashmi u kohe niham, paydo nashud.

Albatta, chunin shikvahoi Mushfiqi ohangi jolibi hazlu shukhi niz giriftaand va shoyad yake az sababhoi az maddi nazari amiru vazir dur aftodani talabhoi shoir gardida boshad. Masalan, dar in bayt az bemanzili chunin shikoyat menamoyad:

Dar Samarqand imtihon kardam, ki yobam khonae, Behtar az bayti takhallus khonae paydo nashud.

Az baze ishorahoi shoir barmeoyad, ki dar ibtido ruzgori u nisbatan behtar buda, hatto muhiti darbor niz baroyash sozgor budaast. Mushfiqi on khushholihoro ba yod ovarda, dar yak gazali khud az guzashti on ruzho afsus mekhurad:

Huni dil megiryamu ashki jigarkhun mekhuram,

Pesh az in may mekashidam, in zamon khun mekhuram. Vah, ki dar ahdi javoni pir gashtam, Mushfiqy, CHun nagardam pir az in gamho, ki aknun mekhuram?!

Pas az vafoti Sulton Said soli 980 (1573) barodari khurdi u Javonmardali ba takht meshinad, vale soli 1576 pisaroni Javonmardalikhon az padar ru gardonida ba Abdullohkhon zabon yak namuda budand. Abdullohkhon khudi hamon sol Javonmardalikhonro qatl namuda, badi chand muddat on du pisari Javonmardalikhonro niz ba qatl merasonad. Nobasomoniho, albatta, ba Mushfiqi sakht fishor meorand va u azmi safari Hinduston mekunad, zero der boz chunin orzu dosht. Dar Movarounnahr ovoza shuda bud, ki guyo shohi Hinduston-Akbarshoh sherparastu shoirdust ast. Mushfiqi niz soli 1577 ba Hinduston meravad. Uro Akbarshoh khush pazirufta boshad ham, pas az yak sol, soli 1578 shoir boz ba diyori khud meoyad:

Kardam safari Hindu pushaymon shudam on jo,

Gardid badal ruzi siyoham ba shabi tor. Didam, ki agar boz naoyam ba viloyat, Huni jigaram mekhurad in Hindi jigarkhor.

Az baze gazalhoi Mushfiqi malum meshavad, ki shoir az safari Hind pushaymon bargashtaast:

Safar, kardam firoqi dilraboe peshi man omad, Nameraftam, zarurat shud, baloe peshi man omad.

Gamu dardi judoi kam shavad az qati manzilho, Ba har manzil gamu dardi judoe peshi man omad. Ba gurbat murdan oson menamudu zindagi mushkil, CHi kori mushkile, osonnamoe peshi man omad.

Mushfiqi pas az safari Hind ba darbori Abdullohkhon roh meyobad. SHoir dar yak muddati kutoh dar bayni ahli darbor va bevosita peshi Abdullohkhon obruyu etibor paydo mekunad. U dar yak muddati kutoh ba martabai malikushshuaroi musharraf meshavad. Vazi moddii ruzgori u niz behtar megardad. Mutaassifona, in holat zamone dast medihad, ki umri shoir az shast guzashta bud. Ba in mani shoir chunin ishora mekunad:

Imtihon kardaand piru javon, Hej kori falak ba somon nest. Kom bakhshad dame, ki kom namond, Non ba vaqte dihad, ki dandon nest.

Poyoni umri Abdurrahmoni Mushfiqi dar shahri Bukhoro guzashtaast. U soli 1588 dar hamin shahri bostoni az in olam chashm bastaast. Uro dar javori mazori SHaykh Jamol dafn kardaand. Dar sangi mazori shoir bayte az yak gazali khudi u sabt shudaast:

Ba khoki Mushfiqi on dam, ki duston guzarand,

Rasad ba khotiri eshon, ki khoksore bud.

Инчунин кобед

Tax

Daromad, sarchashma, omil va shaklkhoi asosii tashakkuli on

Dar adabiyoti muosiri iqtisodi tahti daromad qismi afzudai arzish (qimat)-i moli istehsolgardida nisbat ba kharojoti …