YAk shudani yadrohoi sabuk

Malum shud, ki reaksiyai zanjiri manbai energiya ba shumor meravad va hangomi porashavii yak yadroi izotopi uran 33,28 • 10 ¹²J energiya chudo meshavad.

Judoshavii energiya hangomi yak shudani yadrohoi sabuk niz ba vuchud meoyad.

Hangomi hosilshavii yadroi gelii dar reaksiyai yakshavii yadrohoi gidrogen, 4,16 -10“¹² J energiya chudo meshavad.

Baroi in mavridho muvofikan ba har yak nuklon energiyai zerin muvofik meoyad:

£,= ZZ-^z^⁰ J =0,14 10 ^|2J;
E₂= –4^6110 ‘²CH «1,035,₁₀ 14;

Hamin tariq, reaksiyai yak shudani yadroho az chihati energetiki
nisbat ba reaksiyai porashavii yadroho foidaovar meboshad.

Reaksiyahoi yakshudani yadrohoi sabuk tanho dar harorathoi baland ba amal meoyand. Binobar in, onhoro reaksiyahoi termoyadroi menomand.

Reaksiyahoi yak shudani yadrohoi sabukro dar harorathoi baland reaksiyahoi termoyadroy menomand.

Baroi ba vuchud ovardani reaksiyai yak shudani yadrohoi sabuk zarur ast, ki yadroho kuvvahoi purkuvvati teladihii kuloniro bartaraf namuda, to masofai KG^m ba yakdigar nazdik shavand. In guna nazdikshavii yadrohoro dar plazmai gidrogenii haroratash ba yakchand million daraja barobarbuda ba amal ovardan mumkin ast.

Reaksiyai termoyadroii avvalin dar bombai gidrogeni ba vujud ovarda shuda bud.

Dar on hangomi yakshudani yadrohoi izotophoi gidrogen ?N (deyteriy) va >Ne (tritiy) yadroi geliy SHe hosil karda shuda bud:

SH + ?N—gNe + ‘op+AE.                                          (4.19.1)

Dar bombahoi gidrogeny reaksiyai termoyadroii ba amalomada idoranashavanda meboshad.

Baroi amaly gardidani reaksiyahoi termoyadroy hosil kardani harorati 10⁸ K va nigoh doshtani on zarur meboshad. Inchunin dar in harorat plazmai gaziro dar hachmi dodashuda nigoh doshtan zarur ast. Baroi nigoh doshtani plazmai balandharorat hech guna devori moddy kor nameoyad, chunki dar chunin harorat on buhor meshavad. Nigohdorii plazma ba vositai maydoni magnity ba amal barovarda meshavad. YAke az dastgohhoi behtarin baroi tadqiqi idorashavandagii reaksiyahoi termoyadroy dar zamoni hozira dastgohi namudi “T okamak” ba shumor meravad.

Dar dastgohi “Tokamak” baroi hosil kardani plazmai balandharorat razryadi elektrikii purkuvvat va baroi nigoh doshtani on maydoni magnity istifoda burda meshavad.

Dar “Tokamak” plazma dar kamerai toroidii 1 (rasmi4.19.1),ki bo deyterii fishorash past pur karda shudaast, hosil karda meshavad. Kamerai toroidy pechai duyumi transformatori impulsy ba shumor meravad.

Pechai duyumi transformator 2 ba batareyai kondensagorhoi gunchoishash kalon payvast karda meshavad.

Hangomi razryadi batareyai kondensatorho ba vositai pechai yakumi transformator dar kamerai toroidy maydoni elektrikii vihry (girdpech) ba amal meoyad, ki on gazi mavchudaro ionizatsiya namuda, impulsi purkuvvati charayoni elektrikiro ba vuchud meorad.

Dar natija plazmai haroratash dahho million daraja hosil meshavad. Maydoni magnitii charayoni elektrikii hosilshuda elektronho va ionhoro dar sutuni plazmagy nigoh medorad va tamosi onhoro ba devorhoi kamera barham mezanad.

Kayd kardan lozim ast, ki dar dastgohi namudi “Tokamak-10” plazmai balandharorat to fosilai 0,06 s nigoh doshta shud va dar

muddati vakti az in kamtar reaksiyai termoyadroii hosilshavii geliy dar kamerai toroidaly ba vuchud ovarda shud.

Dar zamoni hozira olimon bahri ziyod namudani vakti mavchudiyati reaksiyahoi termoyadroy kushishhoi ziyode karda istodaand. Hdlo baroi hosil kardani reaksiyahoi termoyadroy az dastgohhoi lazery istifoda burda, tadkikotho guzaronida istodaand. Amaly gardidani reaksiyahoi termoyadroii idorashavanda baroi insoniyat manbai khamesha mavjudbudai energiyaro ba vujud meorad, junki mikdori deyteriy dar tarkibi obi uqyonusho nihoyat kalon ast va hosil kardani on khele oson va arzon meboshad.

Bartarii digari reaksiyahoi termoyadroy nisbat ba reaksiyahoi taksimshavy nabudani partovhoi radioaktivy ba shumor meravad.

Reaksiyahoi termoyadroy dar protsesshoi dar kayhon guzaranda roli kalon mebozand. Energiyai afkanishoti oftobu sitoraho natijai reaksiyai termoyadroy meboshad.

Muvofiki tasavvurothoi hozira bad az «Tarkishi buzurg» harorati olam to 6 milliard daraja past meshavad, omehtai elektronho va zarrahoi digar ba vujud meoyad.

Dar natijai barhurdi zarraho jufti fotonho ba amal meoyad va az barhurdi fotonho jufti elektronu pozitronho va badtar nuklonho ba vujud omadaand. Az nuklonhoi ba vujudomada yadrohoi sabuki gidrogen, geliy va elementhoi kimiyoii bokimonda hosil gardidaand.

Gidrogen va geliyi hosilshuda plazmai gidrogeny – geliygii balandharoratro ba vujud ovardaand, ki onro astronomho ba kayd giriftaand. Badi ba vujud omadani plazmai tafsoni gidrogeny – geliygy muhit baroi fotonho shaffof gasht va onho ba fazoy olam nurafkaniro ba vujud ovardand.

Dar natijai in guna reaksiyahoi termoyadroy energiya horij meshavad, ki afkanishoti sitorahoro dar davomi milliardho sol tamin megardonad.

SA VOLK.O BAROI TAKROR————————————————- _h

1. Kadom vakt yakshudi yadrohoi sabuk ba amal meoyad?
2. CHy guna reaksiyahoro reaksiyai termoyadroy menomand?
3. Avvalin reaksiyai termoyadroy dar kucho ba vuchud ovarda shuda bud?
4. Reaksiyai termoyadroii dar bombahoi gidrogeny ba vuchud ovar- dashudaro navishta, manidod namoed.
5. Dastgohi namudi «Tokamak» chy guna dastgoh ast va az on bo kadom maksad istifoda mebarand?
6. Dar borai kushishhoe, ki bahri idorashavandagii reaksiyahoi termoyadroy karda meshavand, malumot dihed.
7. Reaksiyahoi termoyadroy dar protsesshoi kayhony chy guna naksh mebozand?

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