«BODI NAVRUZI»

Hoja Hofiz ba rasmu oin va urfu odathoi ajdodonamon mehru muhabbati ziyod dosht va khud niz dar guzarishi jashnhoi Sada, Mehrgon va bakhusus Navruzi Ajam faolona ishtirok me- kard va ishtiroki hamzabonon, hammillatoni kheshro tashviqu targib menamud. Az in khotir dar gazaliyotash beshtaru beshtar na- zar ba digar adibon in mavzu maqomi shoista dorad. Albatta, in besabab nest. Sababi in dar on ast, ki baze ruhoniyon, sufiyon va ulamoi dini mubini islom jashn yo idi Navruzro gunoh me- donistand va meguftand, ki idi Navruz idi gabron, majuson va zindiqiyon ast. Binobar in naboyad, ki onro musulmonon jashn bigirand va dar chunin ruzi nomuborak khursandiyu shodi ku- nand. Mutaassifona, pas az Inqilobi oktyabr ham in ananai no- matlub idoma yoft. Hizbi Kommunist va rohbariyati Ittihodi SHuravi, ki az Maskav ba tojikon amru farmon medod, naguzosht, to khalqi tojik, mardumi mo Navruzro ba tavri boistayu shoista jashn girand. Kommuniston mutaqid budand, ki Navruz idi di- nist. Hamin tavr, bo hamin sababho to sohibistiqlol gardida- ni Tojikiston (s. 1991) in jashnhoi khalqi ba tavri boyadu shoyad dar bayni tojikon tajlil nameyoftand. Ammo shukronai ozodiyu istiqlol, ki imruzu har sol mardumi tojik in jashni farkhun- daro bo shukuhu jalol meguzaronad. Hatto Hukumati Jumhurii Tojikiston ba in munosibat chor ruzi istirohat, (21-24 mart) muqarrar namudaast, ki in az arjguzori va ehtiromi rohbari davlat ba khalqi tojik, ba jashni puriftihori mardumist.

Boyad tazakkur dod, ki idi Navruz, Sada va Mehrgon ba janbai dini nadorand. In jashnho purarzishtarin merosi ajdodoni mo buda az qadimulayyom hamchun jashnhoi mardumi guzaronida me- shavand. Masalan, Navruzi Ajam dar fasli bahor, Mehrgon dar fasli tiramoh va Sada dar ogozi fasli zimiston tajlil shavad. Har fasl va har jashn ba khud khususiyathoi khos va rasmu rusumi makhsusi kheshro dorost, ki shumo, khonandagoni aziz, ba in rasmu oin oshno hasted va albatta, in jashnho, az jumla Jashni Navruz dar maktabi shumo bo tantana, bo tamomi orostagi tajlil meyo- bad va shumo dar guzaronidani on faol hasted.

Aknun barmegardem ba asli maqsad. Adiboni buzurgi guzash- tai mo ba in jashnhoi khalqi bo nazari ehtirom menigaristand va mukholifi baze ruhoniyoni mutaassib budand va buzurgoni mil- lat dar osorashon khubihoi in jashnro madhu sitoish namudaand, ki Hoja Hofizi lisonulgayb az zumrai onon mahsub shud. Meta- von bo kamoli bovari guft, ki besh az sad gazali adib dar ta- rifu tavsif, dar madhu sitoishi hamin guna jashnhoi khalqi ejod shudaand. Hoja Hofiz beshtar dar gazaliyotash jashni Navruz, arusi sol, bahoru zeboihoi diloshubi onro tarannum kardaast. Ana hamin gazal – «Bodi navruzi» az jumlai onhost:

1. Zi kuyi yor meoyaD nasimi boDi navruzi,

Az in boD ar maDaD khoqi, charogi Dil barafruzi.

2. CHu gul gar khurdae dori, Hudoro, sarfi ishrat kun,

Ki Qorunro galatho DoD savDoi zaranDuzi.

3. Sukhan dar parda meguyam, chu gul az parda berun oy, Ki besh az panj ruze nest qukmi miri navruzi.
4. Ba buston rav, ki az bulbul tariqi ishq giri yod, Ba majlis oy,k- az Hofiz sukhan guftan biyomuzi.

Gazali «Bodi navruzi» dar bahri hazaji musammani solim suruda shudaast, ki taqte va ruknhoi in bahr ba tariqi zayland:

• – – – I V – – – I V – – – I V – – –
• – – – I V – – – I V – – – I V – – –

Ma -fo-i-lun Ma- fo- i- lun Ma- fo-i- lun Ma – fo-i-lun

Zi kuyi yor meoyad nasimi bodi navruzi,

Az in boD ar maDaD khoqi charogi Dil barafruzi.

Hoja Hofiz dar bayti avval ba khonandagonash mujdai shody merasonad, ki Navruzi Ajam omad. Fasli bahor ogoz yoft, bodi navruzi rasid, shumo to metavoned az in bodi khushu Navruzi dilafruz bahra bardored va charogi dilatonro furuzon namoed. Furuzon namudani charogi dil manoi shodiyu khursandi kardan- ro dorad. Dar bayti duyum shoir takid menamoyad, ki agar mis- li gul jomi ishrat muhayyo boshad, ishrat kun va az Qorun pand bi- gir, molu mulk, doroiyu sarvatro misli Qorun zakhira nakun, kha- sis mashav. Hudat nushi jon namo va ba bechoragonu darmondagon bakhsh. Dar in mavrid baroi bayon yo matrah namudani matlabi khesh boz ba sanati talmeh ru ovardaast. Rivoyatest, ki Qorun chunon molu sarvat doshtaast, ki haft shutur tanho kalidi khazinahoi uro mekashonand. Vale u ba darmondagonu bechoragon khayru sa- khovat namekard, ba dindoron, ba masojidu madoris zakot name- dod. Binobar in, az koru amali u Hudovand dar gazab shud va amr dod, to uro bo tamomi khazinayu molu sarvatash zamin furu ba- rad. Maqsadi Hoja az yodi in rivoyat tarsondani ahli johu man- sab, davlatmandonu doroyon ast, ki dar chunin ruzhoi id onho ra- iyati bechorayu mardumi qashshoqro faromush nakunand va misli Qorun nashavand, to ki onhoro zamin furu nabarad.

Dar in gazal bayti seyum beshtar bori mani ba dush dorad. Dar sharhu tavzehi in bayt az asri XV sar karda, to imruz dar bayni ahli ulamoyu udabo va sharhnigoron bahsu talosh idoma do- rad.

Sukhan Dar parDa meguyam, chu gul az parDa berun oy,

Ki besh az panj ruze nest hukmi miri navruzi.

Dar bayti bolo «Sukhan dar parda meguyam», «Panj ruz» va «Miri navruzi» beshtar bori mani dorand. Va mohiyati gazalro in iboraho muayyan kardaand. Beshtaru beshtar hamin kalimayu iboraho khonandaro ba andesha meorand. Dar kitobi «Javohiri qalb» Mavlono Kavkabi dar barobari tashreh va sharhi bisyor abyoti dushvorfahmi adibon hamin baytro ovarda, onro ba taf- sil manidod kardaast va dar okhir guftaast: Va maonii digar on boshad, ki sukhani olami gayb dar parda ast: Berun oy va bu- bin, ki on olamro chi rangest zebo. Va bad misrai «Ki besh az panj ruze nest hukmi Miri navruzi» bori mani dorad va muro- di shoir az guftani in bayt ba khotiri khonanda ovardani tari- khi Jashni Navruzi Jamshed buda. Jamshed jashni Navruzro panj ruz id mekard va dar in panj ruz shoh az arki khud faromada, yake az odamoni zarifguftorro Miri Navruz intikhob mekunad. In Miri Navruz panj ruz hukmi saltanati amoratro ba uhda megi- rad va tamomi davlat panj ruz farmoni in Mirro ba jo meorad. SHoh dar in panj ruz az bahri tamomi gunohho guzashta va jazo do- dani kasero dar in miyon ravo namebinad. Badi panj ruzi jashn boz shoh ba sari takht meoyad va amorat chun peshtara ogoz meyobad. Imruz (to asri XV) miyoni mardumi kuhistoni qismathoi janubi Balkh, Bokhtar va janubu sharqi Movarounnahri Huroson mamul ast. Mardumi in sarzamin in jashnro chun niyogoni khesh panj ruz id mekunand. Va yak nafarro ba sifati Miri Navruz intikhob me- kunand va panj ruz farmonashro ba jo meorand.

Bubined yak bayt va hatto yak iborai «Miri navruzi» chi qadar mano doshtaast. Agar khonanda tarikhi guzashtagoni kheshro na- donad va az rasmu rusumi on ogoh naboshad, dark kardani chunin gazalho va umuman ashori adiboni klassik baso mushkil megar- dad. Az in khotir, shoista on boshad, ki shumo, shogirdoni aziz, rasmu oin va sunnathoi voloi niyogoni kheshro omuzed va az khud na- moed.