Bozor, mohiyat va omilhoi muayyankunandai on

Bozor hamchun istilohi iqtisodi mavjudiyati istehsoloti moli, munosibathoi moliyu puli, muomiloti molu khizmatrasoniro ifoda menamoyad. Az nuqtai nazari iqtisodi bozor – in jarayoni muomiloti tashkilkardashuda meboshad. Dar manoi vaseash mafhumi bozor – in munosibathoi iqtisodii lahzahoi istehsolot, taqsimot, muomilot va istemoloti molu khizmatrasoni meboshad, ki dar asosi hamatarafa istifoda burdani pul ba vujud meoyad.

Bozor dar marhalai muayyani taraqqiyoti ijtimoiyu iqtisodi ba vujud omad va az on vaqt to ba imruz yak qator digargunihoi miqdoriyu safatiro az sar guzaronid. Bozor shakli muayyani tashkili istehsoloti jamiyati meboshad, ki dar on bahamaloqamandiyu bahamtasirrasonii istehsolot va istemolot tavassuti mekhanizmi narkh tamin karda meshavad.

Az in nuqtai nazar, bozor tanho va hatman yak maydoni muayyan nameboshad. Zero, masalan, shabakai telekommunikatsioni dam bozor shuda metavonad, ki tamomi olamro faro giriftaast va dar on kharidu furushi mol yo ittiloot ba vujud meoyad. Binobar in, bozor pesh az hama majmui munosibathoi ozodi iqtisodii bayni istehsolkunandagonu (furushandagonu) istemolkunandagon (kharidoron) meboshad, ki ba havasmandii tarafayn asos yoftaast.

Bozor vositai tavonoi baland bardoshtani samaranokii iqtisodiyoti ba istemolkunanha nigaronidashuda meboshad. Amal kardani bozor noguzirii ham namudani kharojoti istehsolotro ba har yak vohidi mahsulot az istehsolkunandagon talab namuda, ba samaranok istifoda burdani tamomi zakhirahoi moddi, mehnati va moliyavi musoidat mekunad.

Zvenoi asosii munosibathoi bozargoni mekhanizmi narkh meboshad, zero vay aloqai bayni istehsolkunandagonu istemolqunandagon, furushandagonu kharidoronro tamin menamoyad, taklifoti mol va khizmatrasoniro bo talabot ba onho barobar karda metavonad. Iqtisodi bozori – in nizome meboshad, ki bo narhhoi ozod nazorat, tanzim va idora karda meshavad.

Unsurhoi markzii iqtisodi bozori mol, pul, tijorat, raqobat va narkh meboshand. Agar mol va pul obekthoi bozorro tashkil furushandagonu kharidoron subeqthoi bozor

meboshand. Ba sifati mol na faqat mahsuloti barovaraashuada, yo ki khizmati rasoniaashuda, balki omilhoi istehsolot (mehnat, sarmoya, zamin) niz baromad mekunand. Ba sifati pul boshad, tamomi vositahoi moliyavi baromad mekunand, ki muhimtarinashon khudi pul meboshad. Tamomi furushandagonu kharidoron ba se guruhi subekthoi bozor judo karda meshavand: khojagii khonagi, firma (sohibkori) va davlat. Aksariyati subekthoi bozor har yak vaqt ham kharidor va ham furushanda meboshand. Subekthoi hojagi har bozor az hamdigar vobastaand va ba ham tasir merasonand, ravandi boaamaloqamanaii kharidu furushro tashkil mehihand. (nigared ba naqshai 5.1.)