JANGI SHAHRVANDI VA BA ITMOM RASIDANI ON

JANGI SHAHRVANDI VA BA ITMOM RASIDANI ON

Dar Tojikistoni sohibistiqlol az mohi mayi soli 1992-yum sar karda zadukhurdi bayni du quvvai bo ham zid ogoz yoft va az ruzhoi avvali jang hazorho khonahoi istiqomati, korkhonaho sukhta valangor gashtand, garavgongiri va qatli shahrvandon toraft avj girift. In amalan ogoz yoftani jangi shahrvandi dar Tojikiston bud. Amaliyoti harbi na tanho dar poytakhti jumhuri, inchunin dar viloyati Qurgonteppa (iyuni s. 1992) va vodii Hisor ba zadukhurdi du quvvai bo ham muqobil ruz to ruz avj megirift.

Hamin tavr, muqobilati dumohai maydonhoi SHahidon va Ozodi ba jangi oshkoroi barodarkushi tabdil yoft. Mutaas- sifona, rohi osoishtai halli muammoho qat gardid va bo sababhoi obektivi va subektivi Jumhurii Tojikiston ba jangi shahrvandi kashida shud. Igvohoi siyosi ba on ovarda ra- sondand, ki dar bayni shahrvandon zadukhurd ba amal omada, oda- moni begunoh kushta shudand. Hazoron shahrvandoni jumhuri joyi istiqomati khudro tark namuda, ba davlathoi Afgoniston, Uzbekiston, Turkmaniston, Rusiya va digar kishvarhoi khoriji firor kardand. Kas bovar namekunad, ki khalqi tojiki doroi farhangi qadima ba khudkushi roh doda boshad. Jang ba jomea az jihati manavi va moddi zarari kalon rasonda, boisi talafoti khele ziyodi insoni gardid.

Fronti khalqii Tojikiston dar yakjoyagi bo sarbozoni Vazorati umuri dokhili va Kumitai amniyat 10 dekabri soli 1992 poytakhti jumhuri – shahri Dushanbero zeri nazorat giriftand. Hususan, bad az ijlosiyai XVI SHuroi Olii Jumhurii Tojikiston, ki dar shahri Hujand shuda guzasht, jumhuri rohi hayoti osoishtaro pesh girift.

Jumhurii azizi mo, Tojikiston, bo gunohi hizbho va guruhhoi jamiyatiyu siyosi ba vartai jang giriftor gardid. SHakhsone, ki hokimiyatro bo rohi gayridemokrati, zuri sohib shudan mekhostand, dar natijai amaliyoti nopoki khud sababgori kushokushihoi berahmonai namoyandagoni khalqi khesh, padaronu modaron, baro- daronu khoharon, tiflon gardidand. Aknun sarvari siyosii kor- don va korozmudae lozim bud, ki baroi barqaror kardani sokhti konstitutsioni rohbarii in muborizaro ba zimma girad. CHunin sarvar, ki vazi siyosi va nizomiro boyad idora karda, masuliyati tarikhiro ba dush megirift, Emomali Rahmon bud. U ba tavri demokrati va qonuni dar Ijlosiyai XVI SHuroi Oli dar shahri Hujand intikhob gardid va baroi az buhroni amiqi siyosiyu nizomi barovardani Tojikiston va rafi khatari az bayn raftani davlati millii tojikon naqshi buzurgi tarikhi bozid.

Okhirhoi mohi oktyabri soli 1992 Fronti khalqi dar muhoribaho golib omada, tavonist tashabbusi strategii harbiro ba dast gi- rad. 4 noyabri soli 1992 rohi ohan, ki ba vositai on Dushanbe va umuman markaziyu janubi Tojikiston az digar jumhuriho va nohiyahoi shimolii mamlakat khurokvori megirift, tarkonda shud. Ba jumhuri, khususan ba poytakhti on, toraft besarusomonihoi iqtisodi va gurusnagi tahdid mekardand. Dar chunin vazi- yat hukumati oppozitsioni tahti sarvarii A.Iskandarov ba justujuyi rohhoi guftushunid baroi khotima dodani jang shuru kard. Boyad guft, ki mamlakathoi jahon, khususan jumhurihoi hamsoyai sobiq Ittihodi SHuravi, az vazi nooromi Tojikiston khele dar khavf monda, sahmi khudro dar khotima dodani jang guzosh- tand.

Malum ast, ki dar Tojikiston namoyandagoni millatu khalqiyathoi digar khususan uzbekho, rusho, qirgizho, turkmanho, qazoqho khele ziyod istiqomat mekardand. Az in jihat jumhurihoi bo mo hamsoyai Osiyoi Markazi niz manfiatdor budand, ki harchi zudtar dar Tojikiston sulh poydor gardad.

Mohi sentyabri soli 1992 rohbaroni jumhurihoi Qazoqiston – N. Nazarboev, Uzbekiston – I. Karimov, Rusiya – B. Eltsin va Qirgiziston – A. Akaev dar izhoroti yakjoyai khud qayd namudand, ki baroi sohibistiqloli va mutadil gardidani vaz dar Tojikiston kumaki amali khohand rasond. Barnomai mushakhkhas oid ba khotima yoftani jangi shahrvandi dar Tojikiston 4 noyabri soli 1992 dar jalasai rohbaroni jumhurihoi Osiyoi Markazi bo ishtiroki vazi- ri korhoi khorijii Rusiya A. Kozirev, ki dar sh. Almaato barpo gardida bud, tasdiq karda shud. Az on jumla peshnihod karda shud, ki harchi zudtar dar shahri bostonii Hujand, ki nisbatan vazi mutadil dosht, majlisi navbatii vakiloni khalqii Tojikiston davat karda, masalai sulh barrasy shavad.

Ruzi 16-umi noyabri soli 1992 dar sh. Hujand Ijlosiyai XVI SHuroi Olii Jumhurii Tojikiston (davati duvozdahum) bar- guzor gardid, ki vay qarorhoi mushakhkhasro oid ba khotima doda- ni jang qabul karda, rohhoi sozandagiro peshnihod namud. Dar hamin Ijlosiya sarvari navi jumhuri Emomaly Rahmon intikhob gardid va dar savgandi yodkardaash chunin omadaast: «Man ogozi kori khudro az sulh sar khoham kard… Man tarafdori davlati de- mokratii huquqbunyod mebosham. Mo boyad hama yoru barodar bo- shem, to ki vazro orom namoem».

Bahri poydorii sulh va tatbiqi qarorhoi tarikhii Ijlosiyai XVI hukumati navintikhobshudai Jumhurii sohibistiqloli Tojikiston tadbirhoi zerinro andeshid: barpo namudani arti- shi milli; barham dodani dastahoi musallahi gayriqonuni; az jumhurihoi IDM khohish namud, ki ba mintaqahoi jangi quvvahoi tamini amniyatro vorid namoyand; az hukumati Rusiya khohish kard ki bahri mudofiai yakporchagii Tojikiston sarbozoni diviziyai 201-um va qismhoi sarhadbon muvaqqatan dar jumhuri mononda shavand.

Dar ibtidoi mohi dekabri soli 1992 bo dastgirii aholi qismhoi musallahi hukumati qonuni az mintaqai garb va janub be muqobilati kalon ba Dushanbe vorid shudand. Dastahoi musallahi mukholifin qaror kardand, ki be zadukhurdi harbi ba tarafi sarhadi Afgoniston va az sharq ba mavzehoi Qaroteginu Badakhshon aqibnishini namoyand. Hamin vaqt guruhi kaloni gurezaho, yane onhoe, ki aslashon zodai Qaroteginu Pomir budand, bo oilahoyashon az vodii Vakhshu Hisor va Dushanbe ba mintaqahoi kuhiston raftand. Tanho ba khoki Afgoniston ziyo- da az 60 hazor shahrvandonamon kuch bastand. Inchunin 195 hazor shahrvandoni jumhuri dar solhoi jangi barodarkushi majbur shudand, ki ba Rusiya, Uzbekiston, Turkmaniston, Qirgiziston, Qazoqiston, Ukraina va digar kishvarhoi dunyo muhojir shavand.

Ba Jumhurii Tojikiston az yak taraf, buhroni ijtimoiyu iqtisodi tahdid mekard. Bo sababi az kor mondani korkhonaho sathi zindagii mardum toraft past shuda, ruz to ruz safi bekoron meafzud, az tarafi digar, qatli shahrvandoni alohida zud-zud rukh medodand.

Mutaassifona, solhoi jangi shahrvandi dar baze mintaqahoi jumhuri idorahoi mamuri az uhdai tamini oromiyu bekhatarii mardum baromada natavonistand. Hatto dar baze nohiyahoi kuhistoni Qarotegin va Badakhshon dastahoi musallahi mukholifin farmonfarmoi mekardand. Masalan, 6 noyabri soli 1993 dar Garm, bad dar Hoit, Jirgatolu Tavildara hokimiyati mukholi- fin barpo gardid. Dar in mintaqaho bayni quvvahoi hukumati va dastahoi mukholifin borho zadukhurd ba amal omada, az du taraf sarbozon qurbon megardidand. Tanho dar mintaqai SHuroobod 13 iyuli 1993 oppozitsiya ziyoda az 70 sarbozro talaf dod. Dar zas- tavai «Vanj» – 100, dar mintaqai Kalot (Rushon) ziyoda az 30 nafar, dar Barchid (SHugnon) 20 nafar jangovaron halok gardidand. CHunin voqeahoi fojiavi dar mavzehoi Jirgatol, Tavildara, Dashtijum, YAzgulom va Hoit ruy doda, az har du taraf shumorai halokshudagon toraft meafzud.

Hayoti siyosii mamlakatro tayi solhoi 1996-1998 inchunin amaliyoti oshubgaronai komandiri harbii Vazorati mudofiai Jumhurii Tojikiston M. Hudoyberdiev, ki borho ba idorahoi mamuri hujum karda, hokimiyatro giriftani bud, niz murakkab megardonid. Hususan, hamla ba nohiyahoi viloyati Sugd az jihati manavi va moddi khele zararovar bud.

Jangi shahrvandi hamchun sahifai siyoh ba tarikhi khalqamon dokhil shuda, dar rafti on na tanho sarbozon, balki hazoron shakhsoni odii begunoh qurbon gardidand. SHumorai favtidagon ba hazorho nafar rasid, ki chunin talafotro khalqi tojik dar tarikhi qarnhoi okhiri khud namedonist. Jangi bemanii barodarkushi ba khojagii khalq niz zarari kalon rasonid. Zarari moddii jang beshtar az 10 milliard dollari amrikoiro tashkil medod.