Илмхона Комрон.инфо
KASHFIYOT
Naqshi makhsusro dar rushdi ravandi ilmu tekhnika, ki hamchun darki muntazami quvvai tabiat (kashfiyot) va isti- fodabarii donishi darkshuda (ikhtiroot) barrasy megardad, tahqiqothoi bunyody tashkil medihand. Onho purra dar bo- rai muhiti moddii moro ihotakunanda donishi nav medihand, balki asos baroi ba vujud ovardani vositahoi navi tasirrasoni ba tabiat meboshand. Natijai muhimta- rini tatqiqothoi bunyodi kashfiyoti ilmi meboshand.
Mafhumi kashfiyot gunogunmano ast, chunki dar adabi- yothoi makhsus baroi ifodai mafhumhoi az rui mazmun va hajmi gunogun istifoda megardad. Az in ru, dar zeri ma- fhumi kashfiyot donishhoi navi ilmi, ki halli vazifahoi amalii mushakhasro dar khud ifoda menamoyad, fahmida mesha- vad. Aksaran mafhumi kashfiyotro tanho dar natijai tahqiqoti ilmivu nazariyavi, ki ba doirai donishhoi mua- yyan mahdud namegardad, aloqamand medonand. Dar majmu, zeri mafhumi kashfiyot odatan oshkornamoi, muqarrarkunii on donishe, ki ba tavri mushakhas vujud dorad, vale peshtar vujud nadosht, fahmida meshavad. YAne in mafhum bo tafak- kur aloqamand buda, az yak taraf dar shakli darki ravandi ilmi va az tarafi digar natijai boetimodi on meboshad. Etirofi kashfiyot hamchun obekti khuquqi grajdani muhim ast. Mafhumi kashfiyot, ki dar qonunguzorii grajda- nii Tojikiston peshbini gardidaast va az rui hajm nisbat ba mafhumi dar ilm istifodashavanda mahdud meboshad.
Qonunguzori kashfiyotro hamchun muqararnamoii qonu- niyathoi mavjudai voqeii peshtar nomalum, khususiyat va ho- disahoi dunyoi moddi, ki tagyiroti moddi, ki ba sathi ta- fakkur tasir dorad, etirof mekunad. (b. 10 Nizomnoma dar borai kashfiyot, ikhtiroot va peshnihodhoi ratsionali- zatori az s. 1973). CHunon, ki mebinem mafhumi rasmii kashfiyot tanho ba doirai ilmhoi tabii (darki dunyoi moddy) aloqamand donista, ba obekthoi ehtimolii kashfiyot (hodi- sa va khususiyati qonuniyati dunyoi moddi) ishora karda mesha- vad. Mazmuni kashfiyotro muqararnamoi, darknamoi va oshkornamoii obekthoi zikrshuda tashkil medihand. Dar in mafhum nishonahoi tasnifkunandai (mahakhoi hifzi huquqi) in hodisaho, khususiyatho va qonuniyathoi dunyoi moddi, ki metavonand ba sifati kashfiyot peshnihod shavand ishora karda meshavad. Takmili mafhum va amaliyai tatbiqi on imkoniyat medihad ki chunin nishonahoi kashfiyoti ilmi- ro az ham judo namoem.
Kashfiyot – in muqararnamoii omilhoi ilmii namudi muayyan, yane halli vazifai tafakkur ast. Kashfiyot – darki dunyoi moddiro vase va amiq menamoyad va donishhoi navro dar borai voqeiyat peshnihod menamoyad. Dar tarkibi on pesh az hama donish dar borai mavjudiyati obekti muayyan vorid megardad. Dar yak qator mavridho, dar mazmuni mahaki bar- rasishavanda natankho mukarrarnamoii in yo on omil, balki takhlili ilmii on dokhil meshavad.
Kashfiyot hamchun halli vazifai tafakkur dar oshkor- namoii obekthoi mavjuda, zaruri va takroryobandai dunyoi moddi meboshad. Az in ru, hifzi huquqi ba kashfiyothoi jug- rofi, geologi, paleontologi, inchunin kashfi sarvathoi ta- bii pahn namegardad. Kashfiyot dar sohahoi ilmi hifz name- gardad. Dar barobari in voqeiyati onho ba tavri obektivi nametavonad sanjida shavand. Tanho dar amaliyai jamiyati onho tahlil va muqarrar megardand.
Nishonai barrasishavanda-halli vazifai tafakkur, imkoniyat medihad, ki kashfiyotro az digar obekthoi moli- kiyati zehni judo namoem. Dar farqiyat az ikhtiroot, kashfi- yot vositai mushakhkhasi rasidan ba maqsadi amali (halli va- zifai tekhniki) ast. Kashfiyot hamchun natijai darknamoi, khud ba khud doroi arzish, novobasta az imkoniyathoi bevosi- tai istifodabarii on meboshad. Kashfiyot tanho zaminaro baroi ba vujud ovardani vositai mushakhkhasi tasirrasoni ba tabiat ba miyon meorad.
Ba sifati kashfiyot na hama natijai ilmi baromad kar- da metavonad, yane tanho on natijai ilmie kashfiyot etirof mekunad.
