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Inikosi zamon, vaziyati siyosi – ijtimoi dar gazaliyoti Sayido

Oid ba mavzui mazkur Sayyido asari judogonai khud – «Ba- horiyot» yo khud «Hayvonotnoma»-ro navishtaast.

Guzorishi masalai mazkur dar gazaliyoti shoir purvusattar meboshad. YAne, az doirai mavzuhoi ishqi ru ovardan ba ruzgori ijtimoii inson va jamiyat yake az khususiyathoi gazaliyoti shoir ba shumor meravad:

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Nigahi masti tu khuni dili ahbob khurad, Tegi bedodi tu az dasti ajal ob khurad. Az jahon gum shuda mehri padaru farzandi V-arna Rustam zi chi bois sari Suhrob khurad? Qatrai may sari Mansur barovard ba dor, Voyi on kas, ki hama umr mayi nob khurad. Har ki bo dushmanii khalq ravon ast chu bahr, Zud boshad, ki sari khesh chu girbod khurad. Sayyido, pechishi on zulf ba on rukh zi chi rust? Muy bar shulai otash chu fitad, tob khurad.

Mavzui gazali mazkur asosan adolati ijtimoi buda, shoir dushmanoni khalqro hushdor medihad, ki az ohi mazlumon hazar kunand va agar nakunand, onhoro marg intizor ast. Sayyido besarusomonihoi jamiyatro dar mansabtaloshiyu johparastii muosiron mebinad va az in ru, ba himoyai mardumoni odi ovoz baland mekunad:

Dar taloshi saltanat aftodaand az poy khalq, Toj agar in ast, olam sarnigun khohad shudan.

Az in sabab, u az gami khalq, az holi mardumoni odi dilkhunu jigarkabob ast va figonu nolaash tanho bahri behbudi ruzgori bechoragonu darmondagon meboshad:

Ashki man gar inchunin, k-az dil burun khohad shudan, Doghoi sinaam girdobi khun khohad shudan.

Dar gazaliyoti Sayyido ohanghoi khele amiqi falsafi bo mazmunhoi ijtimoi dar goyati hunarivu jiloi tozai khayolbofi ruyi kor omadaand.

CHunonchi:

Nafsi sarkashro musakhkhar aqli purtadbir kard, Sag chu shud devona, uro metavon zanjir kard.

Be murabbi zeri gardun mutabar natvon shudan, Mohi navro rafta-rafta charkh olamgir kard.

Bo buzurgoni jahon gustokh budan khub nest, Okhir in beizzaty bar Kuhkan tasir kard. Beibo natvon ba bazmi tundkhuyon po nihod, Bemuhobo takya natvon bar dami shamsher kard. To ba poyi khum naraftam, sogaram yory nadod, Dastgiry bo mani aftoda ruhi pir kard. Meravand ahli tama dar bazmho devonavor, Metavon darhoi mehmonkhonaro zanjir kard. Qomati khilvatnishinon mekunad kori kamon, Metavon misvok zohidro nishoni tir kard. Vodii devonagi joyi farogat budaast, Hobi rohat poy to dar khonai zanjir kard. Sayyido, muzdi hunarvar merasad darkhurdi kor, Ruzii Farhodro gardun zi juyi shir kard.

Gazali zikrshuda mohiyati amiqi panduandarzy, nasihati – tarbiyavi doshta, olami sabab – olami insonho khele nozuku hunarmandona mavridi tasvir qaror giriftaast va gazal az ogoz to anjom (bayt-bayt) irsoli masal ast.

Gazal doroi qofiyavu radif buda, qofiyahoi on bo harfi ravi «r» ba itmom merasad, ki shakli on muqayyad ast va radifi gazal soda meboshad.

Gazal dar bahri Ramali musammani maqsur ejod shudaast va afoili on chunin ast:

– V – – / – V – – / – V – – / – V ~ yane: foilotun, foilotun, foilotun, foilon.

YO khud gazali digari shoir, ki az nigohi mazmunu muhtavo, mohiyati qavitari ijtimoi doshta, hasbi holi shoir va holati qahramoni liriki az ogoz to anjomi sher davom mekunad, ki az tangii maishi va benavoi ba sari shoir omadaast:

Murgi bebolupare didam, dilam omad ba yod, Nolai chugze shunidam, manzilam omad ba yod. Az firebu vadahoi u shudam rozi ba marg, SHab hama shab dastu tegi qotilam omad ba yod. Dar taloshi bahr chun girdob sargardon shudam, Hasrati labhoi khushki sohilam omad ba yod. Sar nazad az kishtzori umri man gayr az sipand, Sukhtam, chun mazrai behosilam omad ba yod. Sayyido, didam ba khok aftoda bargi lolaro, Teginohaqkhurda saydi bismilam omad ba yod.

YAne intihoi maqsadi adib himoyai adlu dod va tanqidi beadolatihoi zamoni shoir niz meboshad.

Gazal khele hunarmandona buda, doroi qofiyai mutlaq va radifi murakkab ast. YAke az vazifahoi radif dar in gazal ta- kidi mano niz hast, ki bori goyavii onro bar uhda megirad, zero tangii maishi ba shoir umre ru ba ru budaast.

Az nigohi vazn, gazali mazkur dar bahri Ramali musammani maqsur ejod shudaast va afoili on chunin ast:

– V – – / – V – – / – V – – / – V ~ yane: foilotun, foilotun, foilotun, foilon.

Jihati jolibi hunarii gazali Sayyido on ast, ki ohanghoi ijtimoi toru pudi gazalro tashkil namuda, ramzi khele balandro ba miyon meorand, ki darki maqsad kame mushkil ham meshavad.

Vale khususiyati digari gazaliyoti in sukhanvar boz on ast, ki sar to po gazali u tasvirhoi voqei, juziyoti hayotiyu mushakhkhas, vojahoi mamuli, khayolbofihoi ruzgorivu mushohidahoi zindagiro faro megirand. Daleli in gufta gazali zerin ast:

SHamamu payvasta dar raghoi jonam otash ast, Dar dahonam mavji obu bar zabonam otash ast. Zolimon az bekasy vayronaamro sukhtand, CHugzam az bekhonumony, oshyonam otash ast. Bulbulam, ammo maqomi dilnishinam gulkhan ast, Sabzaam khokistar astu bustonam otash ast. Az sari kuyi buton rakhti safar to bastaam, Mahmili man girdbodu korvonam otash ast. Ay ki bo mo mekuny savdo, ba khud andesha kun, Dar bisotam dudi ohu bar dukonam otash ast. Suhbati man be mayu be mutrib imshab dargirift, Hona ravshan mekunam, to mehmonam otash ast. Nest dilsuze ba mulki sinai man gayri dog, Sayyido, imruz yori mehrubonam otash ast.

Vijagii digari gazaliyoti Sayido on ast, ki hajman kalon nest, 6-7 va 10-12 baytist. Sayyido gazale dar hajmi 27 bayt niz dorad.

Istiqloli baytho ahyonan manzur shavand ham, onho az doirai mavzui markazi judo nestand. YAne munosibati Sayyido ba siyosatmadoron, hokimon, ahli mansab, tabaqahoi hunarmandon, mehnatkashon, bozorgonon, olimon, shoiron, tolibilmonu mudarrison va gayra ba mushohida merasad. Dar gazaliyoti shoir qahra- moni diriki – oshiq yo fardi sohibtajriba, khiradmand, mehnatqarin, sohibhunar ast, vale benavo, beqadru manzilat, pursabru purtoqat va boz beshtar az in rostqavl, bovafo, adolatparast, haqiqatkhoh, durandesh, pokizazamiru sofdil, samimiyu nekukor meboshad.

U dar gazali zerin meguyad:

Buvad munim azizi kishvaru ozod khor in jo, Zi sarvi bog ranotar darakhti mevador in jo. Dar ogozi muhabbat oshiq az murdan nayandeshad, Zanad khudro ba komi sher tifli naysavor in jo. Hudojuro sarharkhezi shavad afzuntar az piri, Dar ayyomi khazon guldasta mebandad bahor in jo. Alamhoi turo fardo guvohonand dar mahshar, Makun ozurda az khud khotiri laylu nahor in jo. Zi zahri chashm arbobi tamaro nest andesha, Kunand in qavm mayli surma az mijgoni mor in jo. Savodi bedi majnun behtar az zanjir Majnunro, Buvad az dasti giro nozanintar rashador in jo, Ba beruyi tavon az ahli dunyo bahravar gashtan, Zi tiflon shikvaho dorad darakhti mevador in jo. Buvad kori tu, yo Rab, dar du olam parda pushidan, Makun mahjub on jovu magardon sharmsor in jo. Naboshad rah ba bazmi khilvati mo harzaguyonro, Sari Mansur sili mekhurad az poi dor in jo, Zi bazmi sher nabvad bahrae afsurdatabonro, Buvad kilki sukhanpardoz chun shami mazor in jo. Ba mulki Isfahonu Hind mekhonand ashoram, Zi Turkistonamu hargiz nadoram etibor in jo. Naboshad bo fashu misvoki zohid hej tasire, Nayandeshad kase az kavkabi dunbolador in jo. Hatu zulfash kamar barbastaand az bahri khuni man, Hazar kun, Sayyido, az ittifoqi muru mor in jo.

Gazali zikrshuda niz ohangi bisyor qavii ijtimoi doshta, shoir shikva az tangii maishi va az beadolatihoi davroni khud dorad. Umuman dar in gazal tanqidu istehzo, mazammatu hijo, shikoyatu norizoi, himoyai adlu haqiqat, rostiyu sadoqat, durandeshiyu poki, vafodoriyu rostqavli, khudotarsiyu intikhobi rohi rost va gayraro vasf menamoyad. In janba niz yake az khususiyathoi gazalhoi Sayyido ba shumor meravad. YAke az mas- alahoe, ki misli khatti surkh az miyoni masalhoi bayongardida dar gazali bolo meguzarad, himoyai vatan, dust doshtani on, dilbastagii samimi ba vatan, aziz shumoridani obu khoki on ast. U hatto vatanro az mafhumi zodgoh vasetar marifat mekunad va Turkistonro dust medorad va makonu diyorero bo on barobar namedonad va az in ru, sarfi nazar az qadrnoshi- nosiho, ki nisbat ba shoir ravo doshta meshud, u khastadilu navmed nameshavad.

Gazali bolo muqaffovu muraddaf buda, qofiyai on muqayyad va radifash murakkab meboshad. Az nigohi vazn, dar bahri Hazaji musammani solim insho shudaast, ki afoili on chunin ast:

V      /V       /V       /V

yane: mafoilun, mafoilun, mafoilun, mafoilun.

Sayyido dar ejodi gazal, pesh az hama, az on jihat maqom dorad, ki u in navi adabiro ba hayoti mardum, ba ruzgoru zindagi baso qarinu nazdik namudaast. Az in ru, dar gazalhoi u janbahoi ijtimoi ziyodtar quvvat girifta, yak andoza ruhiyai mardumii sheri shoirro tamin kardaast. Dar gazali u to ba hadde avzoi siyosi- tarikhi va ijtimoii zamoniash inikos gardidaast. Az tarafi digar, janbai talimi, panduandarzi, na- sihatiyu mavizati giriftani gazali shoir burhoni poydorii adib ba sunnat va bahrabardori az ananahoi kuhani sheru adabi tojik meboshad.

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