Kadome az shaklhoi khojagidori sudmandand?

Tadqiqgaron dar chunin aqidaand, ki holo mardumoni chahon chor shaklu namudi hochagidoriro amalan korburd qarda meoyand:

1. Odati,
2. Naqshagi,
3. Bozori,
4. Omekhta

Har yake az in raviyavu namudhoi khojagidori afzaliyat, noqisiho, ziddiyat va digar nishonavu hislathoi farqkunandai hudro doro meboshand.

Albatta, mo dar in jo imkonoti batafsil bayon kardanu tasnif namudani onhoro sohib nestem. Ammo peshnihodi tarhi umumii onhoro zarur meshumorem.

Hojagidorii odati az zamonhoi peshin ba mo omada, sathi nokifoyai inkishofro sohib meboshad. Onro az hama peshtaru beshtar dar mamoliki qafomondayu sathi taraqqiyotashon khele sust duchor omada metavonem. Dar in sarzaminho va masohatho usulhoi hojagidorii peshina bo baze ravishhoi zamonavi dar omekhtagi faoliyat burda, javobgui taqozoi zamon nestand. Mahz bo hamin sababho davlathoi zayl imkonoti rushdi iqtisodiro ba tavri dilhoh qorburd qarda nametavonand. SHakli hojagidori hamchun moneai peshraft khizmat qarda meoyad.

Hojagii naqshagi, ki onro farmoniyu byurokrati ham nom meburdand. In usuli hojagidori ba davlathoi sobiqi sotsialistii dar qarni HH-um faoliyatburda hos bud. Hojagidorii naqshagi junin hislati farqqunanda dosht, ki davlat tamomi vazifahoi idoriyu tanzimgarii iqtisodiyotro ba ikhtiyori hud girifta, baroi faoliyati ozodonai sohibtakhassuson, firmaho yagon imqone nameguzosht. Hamagon ba naqsha (plan) itoat qunonida meshudand va imkonoti havasmandgardoniyu peshburdi faoliyat hamajoniba mahdud qarda meshud.

Hojagii bozori gufta, hamon usuli tanzimu idoraro mefahmidand, ki zeri on tanho imqonoti faoliyat ba quvvahoi nihonii bozori voguzoshta meshud. In usuli hojagidori boisi ba ziddiyathovu buhronho giriftor gardidan meshud.

Dar nimai duyumi asri XX hojagidorii omekhta hamjun rohi istifodai afzaliyathoi hojagidorii bozoriyu naqshagi ba miyon ovarda shud. Vay doroi afzalyathoi ziyode buda, javobgui taqozoi zamonavii hojagidori meboshad va boyad boz ham takmil doda shavad.