Илмхона Комрон.инфо
Qo- nunguzorii hifzi ishorahoi jugrofi dar davlathoi digar dar asosi konsepsiyahoi gunogun ba roh monda shudaast. Agar istifodai bardurugi ishorahoi jugrofiro hamchun gumroh- kunandai istemolkunandagon barrasi namoem, onro qonun- guzorii himoyai huquqi istemolkunandagon hifz mekunad. Hamchun raqobati nosolim barrasi namoem, pas on tahti tanzimi qonunguzori oid ba raqobat megardad. Masalan, dar Majoriston qonunguzorii peshgirii raqobati nosolim masalai mazkurro tanzim kardaast. Dar baze davlatho no- mi mahalli istehsoli mol dar doirai qonunguzorii makhsus (yo khud dar doirai KG) hifz megardad, vale digar ishorahoi jugrofi zeri amali qonunguzorii raqobat va himoyai huquqi istemolkunandagon meaftad. Masalan, Rusiya. Davlathoe hastand, ki dar doirai qonunguzorii tamgakhoi moli, ikhti- root va gayra hifzi huquqii nomi mahalli istehsoli molro ba roh mondaand. Masalan, dar Bulgoriya nomi mahalli is- tehsoli mol az jumla mavzui tanzimi Qonun «Dar borai tamgahoi moli va namunahoi sanoati» meboshad.
Hususiyati qonunguzorii JT dar on ast, ki hifzi isho- rahoi jugrofiro dar asosi qonunguzorii himoyai huquqi is- temolkunandagon, qonunguzorii raqobat va ham qonunguzo- rii makhsus ba roh mondaast. Sanadi markazie, ki imruz mu- nosibathoro vobasta ba hifzi huquqi va istifodai ishora- hoi jugrofiro tanzim mekunad, in Qonuni JT «Dar borai ishorahoi jugrofi» meboshad. Qonuni mazkur az 5 marti s. 2007 qabul shuda, az 6 bob va 24 modda iborat ast. Inchunin dar Tojikiston yak qator sanadhoi zerqonuni va sanadhoi huquqii baynalmilali dar in soha amal mekunand, ki JT onhoro etirof kardaast va onho qismi muhimi nizomi huquqi milli mahsub meshavand. Masalan, dar fazoi IDM Sozishnoma dar khususi tadbirhoi ogohkuni va peshgirii is- tifodai tamgahoi moli va ishorahoi jugrofii bardurug (Sozishnoma dar khususi tadbirhoi ogohkuni va peshgirii istifodai tamgahoi qalbakii mol va alomathoi jugrofi) az 4 iyuni s. 1999, dar Minsk imzo shuda, bo qarori Hukumati JT az 3 fevrali s. 2000, № 38 tasdiq gardidaast, mavjud ast.
Vobasta ba alomati tahlilshavanda (yane qalamrave, ki sharoiti jugrofii on boisi paydoishi nomi mahalli isteh- soli mol gardidaast) nomi mahalli istehsoli molro ba milli va baynalmilali judo mekunand.
Boyad sharoiti vujuddoshtai baroi in obekti jugrofi khos va yo omilhoi digar ba khususiyati mol tasir rasonand. Qonun darajai in tasirro mutlaq va yo bartaridoshta peshbini mekunad. CHunin omilho boyad khususiyati ustuvor va muayyan doshta boshand. Vobasta ba in alomat nomi mahalli istehsoli mol ba tabii, klassiki va tahti tasiri tanho, ba omilhoi etnografi judo meshavand. Tanho bad az baqaydgirii nomi kishvar, mahalli aholinishin, mahal va yo digar obekti jugrofiro hamchun nomi mahalli istehsoli mol etirof kardan mumkin ast.
Qonun peshtar «marufiyati» nomi mahalli istehsoli molro niz peshbini mekard. In alomat bevosita az mazmuni Sozishnomai Lissabon barmeoyad. Hosiyati molhoe, ki bo nomi mahalli istehsoli mol tafovut guzoshta meshavand, tahti tasiri omilhoi tabii va insoni tashakkul yoftaand. Onho dar ravandi tulonii tarikhi tashakkul yofta, nisbatan ustuvorand. Az in ru, khususiyathoe, ki dar digar obekthoi molikiyati zehni joy dorad, nisbat ba nomi mahalli is- tehsoli mol tatbiqnashavanda meboshand. Masalan, alo- mathoi nav budan, avvaliyat, muhlatnoki ba ishorahoi jugrofi khos nest. Dar natija nisbat ba ishorahoi jugrofi huquqi istisnoie, ki nisbat ba digar obekthoi molikiyati zehni joy doshta metavonand, paydo nameshavad. Nisbat ba on yakchand shakhs huquq paydo karda metavonand, sohibhuquq nametavonad istifodai onro az jonibi digaron man sozad. Huquqi istisnoi nisbat ba ishorahoi jugrofi tanho dar istifodai on ifoda yofta va onro begona kardan mumkin nest.
Muvofiqi Qonuni JT «Dar borai ishorahoi jugrofi», nomi mahalli istehsoli mol metavonad ba nomi yak yo yakchand shakhsi voqei yo huquqi ba qayd girifta shavad. SHakhse, ki no- mi mahalli istehsoli molro qayd kardaast, huquqi istifo- da burdani onro sohib meshavad, ba sharte moli istehsolsha- vanda ba talaboti muqarrarnamudai qonuni mazkur javob- guy boshad. Huquqi istifoda burdani khudi hamon nomi mahalli istehsoli molro ba hama guna shakhsi voqei yo huquqi, ki dar hududi khudi hamon obekti jugrofi moli do- roi aynan hamon khosiyathoi asosiro istehsol menamoyad, do- dan mumkin ast. Baqaydgirii nomi mahalli istehsoli mol bemuhlat etibor dorad (m. 6). Dorandai shahodatnoma dar pahlui nomi mahalli istehsoli mol alomati ogohkunandaro dar shakli harfi lotinii “K” (yo K dar dokhili davra ®) va yo alomati vojaviero, ki ba nomi dar JT baqaydgirifta.Dar tafovut az on hifzi huquqii nishondodi istehsoli mol dar asosi istifodabarii on amaly karda meshavad. Hi- fzi huquqii nishondodi istehsoli mol az roh nadodan ba istifodabarii ishorahoi qalbakii istehsoli mol, inchunin ishorahoe, ki istemolkunandaro oid ba joi voqeii baro- madi mol ba ishtiboh meandozand, iborat ast. Nishondodi istehsoli mol ba qaydi davlati girifta nameshavad (m. 7).
