Илмхона Комрон.инфо
Farqi maktabhoi usuli kuhna va nav. Hanuz dar okhiri asri XIX va makhsusan, ibtidoi asri XX munosibati yak guruh zi- yoiyoni peshqadam nisbat ba usuli kuhnai talim dar maktabu madrasaho tagyir yofta bud. Ziyoiyon hatto yake az sababhoi asosii qafomondagii diyori khud va mardumi onro mahz dar qafomonda budani usuli talimi maktabu madarasaho dida, dar andeshai islohi on budand. Zero fanhoe, ki dar maktabhoi usuli kuhna asrho boz ta- lim doda meshudand, tanho ba yak maqsad – harchi vasetar omuzonidani asoshoi dini is- lom nigaronida shuda budand. Az in ru dar chunin maktabho tolibilmon qarib nim sol
Bad ba omuzishi«Haftyak» (poraho az Quron), sipas ba khondani «CHorkitob» shuru menamudand. In hama qarib se solro dar bar megirift. Dar maktabhoi usuli kuhna digar fanho qarib omuzonda name- shud. Bazan bo tashabbusi khudi muallimoni maktab-domullohoi baze maktabhoi kuhna fanhoi dunyavi, ba monandi riyoziyot, ta- rikh, jugrofiya va gayra talim doda meshud, vale shumorai in guna maktabho khele kam bud.
Binobar in aksari tolibilmon badi khatmi maktabhoi usu- li kuhna az navishtan tamoman bekhabar budand. CHunin holat yake az khususiyathoi zamoni guzashta bud. Dar hududi Osiyoi Markazi, makhsusan, dar mahalhoi tojiknishin qarib dehae nabud, ki onjo masjid naboshad. Dar shahrho miqdori masjidho khele ziyod bud. Masalan, dar shahri Bukhoroi Kuhna dar okhiri asri XIX va ib- tidoi asri XX 360 masjid amal mekard. Dar nazdi qarib hamai masjidho maktabhoi usuli kuhna amal mekardand. Baroi dukhta- ron dar baze mahalho maktabhoi alohida mavjud budand.
Zamoni nav – davrai rushdi munosibathoi mo- liyu puli ba donandago- ni ilmhoi dunyavi beshtar muhtoj bud. CHunin talabot zarurati bunyodi maktabhoi usuli navro ba miyon ovard,mi asri XIX dar madrasaho omuzishi ilmhoi dunyavi khele mahdud gardida, hatto omuzishi ilmi tibro az bayn bardoshtand. SHumo- rai madrasaho khele ziyod bud. Tanho dar shahri Bukhoroi Kuhna zi- yoda az 200 madrasa amal mekard, ki onho besh az 10 hazor muhassil doshtand. Dar Hujand 47 madrasa, inchunin, dar Uroteppa, Panjakent, Qarotog va di- gar nuqtahoi Tojikistoni imruza niz madrasaho vujud doshtand. Ahmadi Donish, Mufti Ikromcha, Sadri Ziyo, Mirzo Abdulvohidi Munzim, Sadriddin Ayni va digaron, ki dastparva- roni maktabu madrasahoi hamon davr budand, ba za- moni nav muvofiq nabu- dani usuli talimro dar asarhoyashon zikr namuda- and.
