MAVZU VA MUNDARIJAI IDEYAVII GAZALIYOTI SHOIR

Gazal dar asrhoi XV – XVI yake az janrhoi mamultarini adabiyoti badei ba shumor meraft. Aksariyati adiboni in davr gazal ejod kardaand.

Saromadoni in janr Jomi, Binoi va Hiloli budand. Bad- driddini Hiloli dar surudani gazal asosan payravi Amir Hus- ravi Dehlavi va Hasani Dehlavist:

Hiloli az kamoli sher DoraD mansabi shohi,

Ki suzi Husrav astu nozukiqoi Hasan bo u.

Gazalhoi shoir bo salosat, ravoniyu sodagi va khushohangi az digar adiboni hamzamonash farq mekunand. Az jihati mazmun va sokhti kompozitsioni nisbat ba davrahoi guzashta dar bayni onho farqe dida nameshavad. Aksariyati gazalhoi shoir az 6-7 bayt ibo- ratand. Makhsusan matla va maqtai gazalhoi adib bo kamoli mahorat insho shudaand.

Mavzui gazaliyoti Badriddini Hiloli gunogun buda, ba masalahoi hayotu zindagii inson, gamu anduh, orzuyu omoli vay bakhshida shudaast. Dar beshtari gazalhoyash shoir ishqi pok, muhabbatu sadoqati insonro surudaast. Ba hamin mani shoir ishorat karda, dar gazali zer khudashro podshohi maydoni ishq meguyad:

Kori man az jumlai olam hamin ishq astu bas,

Olame Doram, ki Dar olam naDoraD qej kas.

PoDshoqi aqli DarDam bar sari mayDoni ishq,

Man miyoni fitnavu khayli balo az peshu pas!

Mahbubai shoir olihai zeboest. Uro sitoish mekunad. Be u zindagi kayfiyatevu lazzate nadorad. SHoir dar tavsifi husnu malohati yorash guyo ojizi mekashad. Adib aniq menamoyad, ki jon az hama chiz baroyam aziztar ast, vale tu az on ham khushtari va ba- roi man umri jovidon hasti.

Jon khush ast, ammo namekhoqam, ki jon guyam turo,

Hoqam az jon khushtare boshaD, ki on guyam turo.

Man chi guyam, k-on chunon boshaD, ki qaDDi qusni tust?

Ham tu khuD farmo, ki chuni, to chunon guyam turo.

Joni man, bo on ki khos az baqri raftan omaDi,

Soate binshin, ki umri jovidon guyam turo.

To raqibonro nabinam khushDil az gamqoi khesh,

Az tu binam javru bo khuD meqrubon guyam turo!

Baski mekhoqam, ki bosham bo tu Dar guftu shuniD,

YAk sukhan gar bishnavam, sad doston guyam turo.

Hushtar az meqr ast qar javre, ki bo man mekuni,

Moqi man, khush nest, gar nomeqrubon guyam turo.

Hiloli dar gazali «Oshiqi zori kisti?» khudashro ba nodoni zada, mahbubaashro shoirona tavsif mekunad. U hangomi tavsi- fash az sanati tajohuli orif mohirona istifoda kardaast, yane khudro ba nodoni zada, sifathoi barkamoli mashuqaro yodo- var meshavad, ki in tarzi ado khususiyathoi khosi in sanat ast:

Ey zi bahor tozatar, tozabahori kisti?

Vaq, chi nigori turfai, turfanigori kisti?

Hast rukhi tu moqi nav, kavkabi tust shoqi qusn,

Moqi kadom kishvari, shoqi diyori kisti?

Lolavu sarvi in chaman munfailand peshi tu,

Sarvi kadom gulshani, lolaizori kisti?

Gazalhoi ishqii shoirro bo yak shuru hayajon khonda, kas ba khubi ehsos mekunad, ki ishqi shoir reali, zamini, voqei ast. YAne dukhtari mavzunqomat, dilkashu mohtalatest, ki dar nazdi qahramoni liriki buda, zindagii uro zebotar megardonad:

Ruzi Navruz astu sarvi gulizori man kujost?

Dar chaman yoron qama jamand, yori man kujost?

Gashta mardum qar yake imruz saydi chobuke,

CHobuki saydafkani mardumshikori man kujost?

Nest yak soat haror in joni nooromro,

YO Rab, on oromi joni beqarori man kujost?

Vale boz shoir shukr mekunad, zero u oshiq astu gamu dardi ishq dorad:

Darmoni mo majuy,Hiloli, ki dardi ishq

Hos az baroi jonu tani dardnoki most.

Gayr az in dar gazaliyoti Hiloli mavzuhoi ijtimoi, akhloqivu tarbiyavi niz ba chashm merasand. SHoir dar yak gazalash ishorat kardaast, ki jomeai onruza «olami kharobobod» ast va khub meshavad, ki kase paydo shavad va on asosi zulmu sitamro barkan- da, jamiyate barpo kunad, ki dar on adlu insof boshad. YAne u ta- rafdori shohi odilu khalqparvar ast:

Husho kase, ki dar in olami kharobobod

Asosi zulm fikandu binoi dod niqod!

Tavongare, ki dari khayr bar faqiron bast,

Dare zi olami bolo bar rui on nakushod.

Kase, ki yoft bar ahvoli zerDaston Dast,

Ba zulm agar nasitonaD, HuDosh khayr DihoD!

Dar in sher, makhsusan dar bayti okhir, fikri nekandeshonai adib nisbat ba bechoragon, zerdaston khele baland sado medihad. Ilova bar in, shoir ahli jamiyatro ba dustiyu rafoqat, hamdiliyu hamkory, ba yakdigar dar har mavrid madadgoru ruhbardor budan davat menamoyad:

Barkhez, to nihem sari khuD ba poi Dust,

Jonro fiDo kunem, ki saD jon fiDoi Dust.

Hosho, ki gayri Dust kunaD jo ba chashmi man,

DiDan nametavon Digarero ba joi Dust.

Az Dust har jafo, ki rasaD, joi minnat ast,

Zero ki nest hech vafo chun jafoi Dust.

Baroi hamin shoir ba khulosae meoyad, ki be yoru dusti haqiqi zindagi kardan, hayoti khushbakhtona guzaronidan muhol ast. Hayot be yoru dusti gamkhor kayfiyate, maqsade nadorad:

Be yor ba olam natavon buD, Hiloli,

Olam ba chi kor oyaD, agar yor naboshaD.

Umuman, Hiloli dar gazaliyotash andeshavu afkori umum, yane odamoni tabaqahoi poyoni jamiyati onruzaro inikos na- mudaast. Dardi dil, gamu anduhi shoir dardi darmondagon ast.