MOHIYAT VA MAFHUMI USULI MENEJMENT

MOHIYAT VA MAFHUMI USULI MENEJMENT

Tarifi usuli menejment

Menejment ejodkoriest, ki dar istifodai usulho asos yoftaast.

Masalai usulhoi idorakuni hamesha ahamiyatnoku bahstalab meboshand. Guzashtani kishvaramon ba modeli iqtisodi bozori beshtari pahluhoi in masalaro tagyir dod.

Usulhoi idorakuni majmui tarzu vositahoi tasirrasonii subekti idorakuni ba obekti on baroi noil shudan ba maqsadhoi muayyan meboshad. Ta- vassuti usulhoi idorakuni mundarijai asosii faoliyati idorakuni amali karda meshavad. Usulho baroi inkishof dodani tashabbusi kormandon va manfiatdorii onho dar rasidan ba hadafhoi tashkilot tayin gardidaand.

Vobasta ba tarzi tasirrasoni ba sistemai idorashavanda tamomi in usulho ba usulhoi iqtisodi, tashkiliyu amri, ijtimoiyu psikhologii idorakuni taqsim meshavand. CHi boyad kard, to inson bosamar kor kunad? In suoli qadimi buda, posukhash on qadar mushkil nest: insonro yo ba zuri ba kor majbur kardan, yo shavqashro nisbat ba kor bedor namudan mumkin ast.

Barobar bo inkishofi tamaddun usulhoi zurovarona va ba tarsi sazo asos yofta besh az pesh joi khudro ba usulhoe medodand, ki asosashonro bedor namudani angezahoi botinii faoliyat, angekhtani shavqi kormand tash- kil medihad. Bo zuri, farmondihi ba kor majbur kardani shakhs imkon do- rad, vale bo farmonu zurovari samaranok, «dar sathi jahoni» ijro gardi- dani kor az imkon berun ast, chunki in na tanho qobiliyati ijrokuni, balki tashabbus, takmili hameshagii istehsolot va pesh az hama angezai botini va ragbatro talab mekunad. Idorakunii amrdihiyu fishorovari samarai pa- sti khudro nishon dod va mahz hamin sababi guzarish ba usulhoi iqtisodi bo- zorii idorakuni shud. Bo vujudi in, to ogozi bozsozi usulhoi amrdihi dar iqtisodiyoti mo hukmfarmo budand va moro lozim omad, ki sabaqhoi talkhi davroni shakhsparasti va karakhtiro pasi sar namoem, to asosu oyandai nek nadoshtani onho baroyamon sobit shavad.

Hangomi intikhobi usuli menejment in omilhoro ba nazar boyad girift:

1. surati noilshavi ba maqsad;
2. ehtimoliyati noilshavi ba maqsad;
3. munosibati tobeiyat;
4. shakhsiyati idorashavanda;
5. shakhsiyati idorakunanda;
6. mukhtoriyati iqtisodi;
7. avzoi kollektiv.

Usulhoi mavridi omuzishi mo qarordoshtai idorakuni, umuman, nisbat ba kollektivhoi mehnati va khususan nisbat ba kormandoni alohida tatbiq karda meshavand. CHunin aqida bo konsepsiyai umumii menejment hamchun tasiri maqsadnok ba obekthoi idorashavanda – korkhonaho, tashkilot,

ittihodiyaho va kollektivhoi mehnatkashon aloqamand meboshad. Ziyod buda- ni tedodi usulhoi idorakuni va qoidahoi gunoguni tasnifi onho intikho- bi navhoi nisbatan samaranoki onhoro baroi halli vazifahoi mushakhkha- si idorakuni mushkil megardonad. Gunogunii usulhoi idorakuni boisi pay- doishi zarurati ba tartib ovardani majmui onho ba vositai tasnifot az rui alomathoi muayyan meshavad. Hangomi tarifi usulhoi idorakuni samt, mundarija va shakli tashkilii onhoro sharh dodan lozim ast.

Usuli menejment usulest, ki bo khususiyati tasirrasoni ba obekti ido- rashavanda bo maqsadi rasidan ba maqsadi guzoshtashuda aloqamand ast. Hususiyathoi chunin tasirrasoni usulhoi menejmentro az hamdigar judo mekunand (jadvali 5.1).

Jadvali 5.1. Usulhoi menejment

1*uzur| i \o	NK1isodi	Usulho ma1.murn-\uk> ky	11J111MO11-ru\I
1. Asosi istifodabari	Qonunho va manfiathoi iqtisodi	Qonunhoi davlati va huquq, manfiathoi khuquqi	Qonunhoi rush- di ijtimoi-ruhi, manfiathoi ijtimoi
2. Vositai tasirrasoni	SHaklhoi iqtisodi	SHaklhoi mamuri- huquqi va tashkili	Omilhoi IJTIMOI-RUHI
3. Obekti rioya	Muhiti iqgisodi	Muhiti tashkili- huquqi	Iqlimi khubi ijtimoi-ruhi
4. Naqsh dar iqtisodi bozori	Usuli ibtidoi va asosi	Usuli yorirason	Usuli taminku- nanda va asosi
5. Bori asosi dar dastgohi idorakuni	Hizmatraso- nihoi iqtisodi	Rohbar az dastgohi idorakuni va nazo- rat	Tashkilothoi jamiyati va rohbari

 

Dar sharoiti muosir guzarish az usulhoi mamuriyu huquqi ba usulhoi iktisodii menechment ba amal omada istodaast. Hama usulhoi menejment ba qonesozii talaboti ijtimoii inson – etirof, ehtirom va khudsobitkuni ravona karda shudaand. Talaboti volotarin talaboti idroki – kheshtangaroi, ozodi va inkishofi shakhsiyat meboshad.

Omilhoi asosii usuli menejmeng

Samti usulhoi idorakuni ba sistema (obekt)-i idorakuni (korkhona, shuba, sokhtor, shirkat va h.) nigaronida shudaast.

Mazmun – khususiyati tarzu vasilahoi tasirrasoni.

SHakli tashkili – tasirrasoni ba vaziyati mushakhkhasan baamaloma- da. On tasiri mustaqim (bevosita) yo gayrimustahim (muqarrar namuda- ni vazifa va tashkili sharoiti vodorkuni) buda metavonad. Dar tajribai idorakuni, chun qoida, dar yak vakt usulhoi gunogun va omekhtai yakchandtoi onhoro istifoda mebarand.

Boyad guft, ki dar adabiyoti iqtisodi tafsiri yagonai mazmun va munda- rijai obekti tasirrasoni va tasnifoti usulhoi idorakuni vujud nado- rad. Baze az muallifon usulhoi idorakuniro vobasta ba mazmun, samt va shakli tashkilii usulho ba helho taqsim mekunand va az in barmeoyad, ki tasirrasoni ba sistemai idorashavanda mamuri, ishtisodi va istimoi meshavad. Digaron onhoro az rui tarzu vositahoi tasirrasoni tasnif me- kunand. Dar har surat, hama usulhoi idorakuni hamdigarro purra namuda, hamesha dar muvozinati mutakobila karor dorand.

Samti usulhoi idorakuni fakat yakest – on ba insonhoe ravona shudaast, ki shaklhoi gunoguni faoliyati mehnatiro ijro mekunand. Dar har usuli alohidai idorakuni ham mazmun, ham samtu shakli tashkili ba ham omada, robitai bainihamdigari dorand. Bo tavajjuh ba in usulhoi:

1. istisodi;
2. tashkiliyu amri (farmony);
3. istimoiyu psikhologii idorakuniro sudo namudan mumkin ast.