Moneahoi muhandisi va taminoti muhandisi

Qushunhoi muhandisy 23-yumi iyuni soli 1993 tasis yoftaast. Dar hayati Qushunhoi muhandisy qismhoi harbie tashkil shudaand, ki onho doroi rotahoi muhandisy – sapyory buda, imkoniyati ijroi vazifahoi nakhustdaraja muhim va khatarnokro oid ba taminoti muhandisy, muhofizati sarhadi davlatii amaliyothoi chuzu tomhoi muhandisy dar munoqishahoi musallah doshta, omodagii changiro dar faoliyati hamaruzai khesh mudom nigoh medorand.

Dar in hol yake az talabothoi asosii ba kushunhoi muhandisii peshnihodshuda in nigohdoshti imkoniyatho oid ba ichroi vazifahoi davlatii ba zimmai onho buda, iborat meboshad. Qushunhoi muhandisy yagona navi qushune meboshand, ki baroi onho hech goh chang ba okhir namerasad.

Qushunhoi muhandisy yake az navhoi khele shoyoni kushunho ba hisob meravad. Pesh az hama dar khotir boyad dosht, ki qushunhoi muhandisy  in kushuni khatti peshi chang meboshad. Onho dar yak vaqt bo mototirandozon va tankistho, dar bisyor holatho hatto pesh az onho ba maydoni chang medaroyand.

Minai ziddipiyodagardi PMD-6M

a – shakli umumiash, b – burish, v – tarkandai MUV-2.

1 – tarkonanda, 2 – sarpush, 3 – tanai mina, 4 – zaryadi VV, 5 – otashgiron, 6 – kishri ohanin, 7 – tirmekhi muhofizat, 8 – tirmekhi jangii T – shakl, 9 – prujinai jangy, 10 – buranda, 11 – kulohaki reziny, 12 – masnuoti ohany, 13 – zarbazanak.

Makhsusan, kushunhoi mazkurro hangomi changu chidol va munoqishahoi nizomy masuliyati buzurge, az qabili uburi mone bartaraf kardani onro va bekhavfsozy az minahoro ba uhda doshtand.

Dar muhoribai muosir moneahoi muhandisy misli peshtara baroi tamini harakathoi zerqismho ahamiyati buzurg dorand. Taminoti muhandisy bo maqsadi baroi chuzu tomho bunyod namudani sharoiti

zarury baroi ijro namudani vazifahoi razmi, baland bardoshtani qobiliyati himoyavi az silohi mahvkunanda, inchunin bo muhimmoti muhandisi talaf dodani dushman va mushkil kardani amalhoi on tashkil va amali karda meshavad. Onho dar makone (dar ob yo dar havo) joygir karda meshavand, to ki ba dushman zarba zanand, harakat va qobiliyati jangii onro sust namoyand. Moneaho az ruyi khususiyathoi tasirnokiashon ba dushman muhandisi va minavi – tarkanda meshavand. Navi aso- sii moneahoi muhandisi – minavii tarkanda meboshad. Baroi ustuvor kardani moneahoi minavi – tarkanda az minaho istifoda meshavad. Az ruyi nishondod onho zidditanki va ziddi piyodagard meshavand. In minaho baroi nobud sokhtani tankho va digar navhoi tekhnikai jangi peshbini shudaand. Onho du navand minahoe, ki hangomi az boloi onho guzashtani tank metarkand va minahoe, ki az proeksiya (nazdikshavi)-i tank, ba vositai ba kor daromadani tarkandai makhsus metarkand. Minai zidditanki nakhustin bor soli 1924 az tarafi muhandisi shuravi D.M.Karbishev ikhtiro karda shudaast.

Mina az korpus (ohan, chub, plastmassa) zaryadi moddai tarkanda, tar- konanda va detonatori vaqti iborat ast. Dar dokhil va du tarafi chande az minahoi zidditanki surokhhoi zapalii pechdor baroi tarkonanda joygir meshavand, ki dar holati dar joyi nonamoyon joygir shudani on zarurand.

Minai zidditankii TM-57

a – shakli umumy, b – burrish.

1 – tana, 2 – zaryadi VV, 3 – tarkandai fosilavii mobayny, 4 – bari tarkandai
fosilavy, 5 – lonai otashgirony, 6 – tarkandai MV-57 dar holati jangy,
7 – ruyband, 8 – sarpush.

Minahoi ziddi piyodagard baroi nobud sokhtani quvvahoi zindai dushman peshbini shudaand. Onho fugasi va porchashavanda meshavand.

Minahoi fugasi – asosan ba yak odam zarari sakht merasonand. Ba odame, ki dar vaqti zer kardani sarpushi mina, khususan zer kardani

asosi baharakatdarovarandai mavoddi tarkish, kuvvai mavji zarba ba vujud meoyad.

Gayr az minahoi istehsoli shuravi boz ba minahoi ziddi piyodagardi fugasii davlathoi khoriji dar yak khel nohiyahoi nazdisarhadi niz duchor shudan mumkin ast. Minahoi ziddi piyodagardi fugasii davlathoi khoriji az minahoi zamoni shuravi bo on fark dorand, ki mekhanizmi zarbazanak dar bazei onho dar qismi boloi mina joygir karda shudaast. Mavoddi moddai tarkandai on boshad tavonoii nisbatan baland dorand.

Qushunhoi muhandisi baroi halli vazifahoi taminoti muhandisii jang tayin gardidaand.

Minahoi ziddi piyodagardi fugasii davlathoi khorijiro dar holati jangi giriftan va bezarar gardondan man ast, chunki onho dar dokhil yak namudi kapkonak dorand, ki dar holati bezarargardoni metavonad tarkishro ba amal orad. Minahoi ziddi tank dar chukurii 5-8 sm va minahoi ziddi piyodagard dar chukurii  1-2 sm khok yo reg guzoshta meshavand. Guzoshtani mina ba odamone ijozat doda meshavad, ki onho sokht, tarzi kor, tarzi minaguzori va bezarargardonii onhoro omukhta boshand. Minahoi ziddi piyodagardro giriftan man ast. Onho bo rohi tarkondani zaryadi moddai tarkanda nobud karda meshavand. Minahoi dar maydoni muayyan joygirshuda maydonhoi minaviro tashkil medihand. Maydonhoi minavii ziddi tank va ziddi piyodagard omekhta meshavand.Holathoi oshkorsozii minaho hangomi guzoshta shudan

Ba mafhumi «taminoti muhandisii jang» chi dokhil megardad?

Taminoti muhandisi yake az navhoi taminoti jangi ba shumor meravad. Taminoti muhandisi dar amaliyothoi jangi bo maqsadi barpo namudani sharoiti zaruri jihati sari vaqt va nomalum ba pesh harakat kardan, gustarish yoftan, manyovr namudani qushunho, az tarafi onho bo muvaffaqiyat ijro namudani vazifahoi jangi, behtar namudani muhofizati kushunho va obektho az hama guna zarbai dushman, inchunin baroi talafot rasonidan va monea sokhtan ba dushman tashkil karda meshavad.

Taminoti muhandisi chunin korhoro dar bar megirad:

• razvedkai muhandisii dushman, mahal va obektho;
• tajhizonidani istehkomii (fortifikatsionii) mavzeho, sarhadho (hududho), mahalho, nuqtahoi idorakuni va gayra;
• sokhtan va nigoh doshtani moneahoi muhandisi, inchunin barpo namudani kharobkoriho;
• sokhtan va nigoh doshtani minaho va fugasho;
• nobud sokhtan va bezarar gardonidani minahoi hastai (yadroi)-i dushman;
• kushodan va nigoh doshtani guzargohho dar moneaho va kharobaho;
• sokhtani guzargohho az bayni moneaho;
• toza namudani mahalho va obektho az minaho va moddahoi tarkanda;
• omoda namudan va nigoh doshtani rohho baroi harakati kushunho, baroi kashonidan va tahliya (evakuatsiya);
• tajhizonidan va nigoh doshtani guzargohho hangomi bartaraf namudani moneahoi obi;
• chorabinihoi muhandisi oid ba niqobkorii kushunho va obektho;
• chorabinihoi muhandisi oid ba barqaror namudani qobiliyati jangii qushunho va bartaraf namudani oqibathoi zarbahoi hastaii dushman;
• paydo namudan va toza (sof) kardani obi oshomidani, tajhizonidani nuqtahoi obtaminkuni.

Vazifahoi taminoti muhandisi az tarafi qismu vohidho, chuzu tomhoi hama navi qushunho ichro karda meshavand.

Holo yake az vazifai avvalindarachai vohidhoi muhandisi az mina va digar mavoddi tarkanda toza namudani mahalho meboshad. Harchand ki holo dar dokhili kishvar sulhu subot hukmfarmo boshad ham, ammo hanuz dar mahalhoi changdida hazoron mina, bomba va digar moddahoi tarkanda mavchud ast.

Az in ru, dar Sitodi generalii Quvvahoi Musallahi Jumhurii Tochikiston Barnomai davlatii az mina bezararsozii mintaqahoi chumhuri tahiya shuda, holo on amali gardida istodaast. Baroi barrasi namudani in barnoma dar qalamravi chumhuri “Markaz oid ba masalahoi minaho” dar nazdi Hukumati Jumhurii Tochikiston tashkil yoft.

Bo kadrhoi muhandisi, sapyori tamin namudani in sokhtor ba dushi Qushunhoi muhandisi voguzor shudaast.