Илмхона Комрон.инфо
NOHIYAHOI IQTISODII TOJIKISTON
Ba khotir ored: nohiyai iqtisody chist va kadom qonuniyathoi nohiya-
bandiro medoned? Kompleksi khojagii khalqi nohiyahoi iqtisody az
kadom guruhi sohaho tashakkul meyobad?
Dar asosi ba inobat giriftani qonuniyathoi nohiyabandi va samti takhassusi khojagi dar Tojikiston 6 nohiyai iqtisodiro judo kardan mumkin ast: Sugd, Hisor, Vakhsh, Kulob, Rasht va Badakhshon. Nohiyahoi iqtisodii Tojikiston az digar nohiyaho bo on farq mekunand, ki dar bayni khud sarhadhoi tabii niz do- rand (qatorkuhho, bakhshgohho). Nohiyahoi iqtisodii jumhuri az hamdigar bo mavqei geografi, sharoiti tibiivu sarvatho, aholi va zakhirahoi mehnati, sohahoi makhsusgardonidashuda va imkoniyathoi taraqqiyoti oyandai khojagi farq mekunand.
Dar poyon tavsifi mukhtasari nohiyahoi iqtisodii jumhuri az ruyi naqshai zerin ovarda meshavad: taqsimoti mamuri va mavqei geografi, sharoiti tabii va sarvatho, aholi, khojagi (sanoat, kishovarzi, naqliyot), robitahoi iqtisodi va inkisho- fi khojagi dar oyanda.
Nohiyai iqtisodii Sugd shahrhoi Hujand, Konibodom, Is- fara, Taboshar, Qayroqqum, Istaravshan, Panjakent, SHurob, CHkalovsk, nohiyahoi mamurii Asht, Gonchi, Zafarobod, Is- fara, Konibodom, SHahriston, Spitamen, Mastchoh, Gafurov, Rasulov, Hujand, Istaravshan, Kuhistoni Mastchoh, Panja- kent va Ayniro dar bar megirad. Masohati umumiash 25,4 haz. km2, aholiash ziyoda mln. nafar ast.
Nohiyai iqtisodii Sugd dar qismi shimoli jumhuri joygir buda, vodii daryoi Sir va domanakuhhoi atrofi onro dar bar megirad. Iqlimi nohiya khushk va kontinenti buda, vobasta ba darajai balandii mahal tagyir meyobad. Olami nabototash gu- nogun ast: az nabototi biyoboni (dar poyon) to margzorhoi al- piyu subalpi, ki dar balandii ziyoda az 2500 m joygirand (chun charogoh istifoda meshavand).
Nohiyai iqtisodii Sugd az naft, angishti bur, polimetal- lho, vismut, ohak, namak, molibden, masolehi sokhtmon va gay- ra gani ast (ba khotir ovared, ki kadom konho), aholii nohiya zich joygir buda, bo quvvai kori tamin meboshad, bakhusus aho- lii shahr bosurat meafzoyad (dar dahsolai okhir 28,5 darsad ziyod shud).
Hojagi. Dar tuli solhoi Hokimiyati SHuravi dar khojagii khalqi nohiyai Sugd tagyiroti kulli ba amal omad. YAke az chu- nin tagyirot sokhtani NBO-i Qayroqqum dar daryoi Sir bud. In nerugohi barqii obi «Dustii khalqho» nom dorad, zero dar sokhtmoni on namoyandagoni 37 millat ishtirok kardaand. Iqtidori nerugoh 126 haz. kvt buda, sole 700 mln. kvt soat quv- vai barq istehsol mekunad.
Dar nohiyai iqtisodii Sugd sohahoi sanoati sabuk va khurokvori taraqqi kardaand. Ilova bar in, dar nohiya chunin sohahoi sanoat, az qabili moshinsozi, korkardi metall, ma- dan, masolehi sokhtmon rivoj yoftaand. Dar zaminai sarvathoi
zerizamini kombinathoi madani Adrasmon va Anzob kor me- kunand. Dar nohiya istikhroji angisht (SHurob), naft (Nafto- bod, Ayriton), namak (Qamishqurgon) va masolehi binokori ba roh monda shudaast. Korkhonahoi sanoati sabuk (kombi- nathoi abreshim va qolinbofi) va khurokvori (pakhtatozakuni, ravgankashi, konservai meva) joygir shudaand. CHand sol boz korkhonai mushtaraki Tojikistonu CHin «Zarafshon» (istehso- li tillo) faoliyat dorad.
Kishovarzi az sohahoi zerin iborat ast: pakhtakori, bog- dori, tamokukori va chorvodori. Inkishofi pakhtakori va bog- dori ba obyori nihoyat marbut ast. Zaminho asosan az daryohoi kuhi (Oqsu, Hojaboqirgon, Isfara) tavvassuti kanal va stan- siyaho obyori karda meshavand. Dar bogoti in nohiyai iqtisodi zardolu, shaftolu, seb, nok parvarish meyoband. YAke az sohahoi asosii ziroat tokdori ast (asosan navhoi anguri mavizbob va khuroki). Kishmishi siyoh va safedi Istaravshan shuhrati beandoza dorad. Dar vodii Zarafshon qismi ziyodi boghoro zardoluzorho ishgol mekunand. Navhoi zardolui mahallii falgari, mirsanjali, mohtobii nohiyai iqtisodii Sugd dar natijai koram shudani dashthoi Ashti kalon, Dilvarzin, Mahram va gayra ziyod shuda istodaast. Bahri rushdi minba- dai kishovarzi behtar namudani holati miliorativii zamin va taminu tajdidi inshooti obyori ahamiyati kalon dorad.
SHaroiti tabiiyu iqtisodii nohiya (farovon budani ob, chashmahoi minerali, loyqahoi shifobakhsh) baroi minbad ziyod namudani shumorai istirohatgohu shifokhonaho musoid ast. Dar nohiya darmongohhoi «Havotog» va «Zumrad» mavju- dand, ki bemoroni az digar jumhuriho omadaro niz qabul me- kunand.
SHahri Hujand markazi kaloni sanoatu farhangi nohiya ba shumor meravad. SHahri Hujand tarikhi qadim dorad. Soli 1986-um 2500-solagii Hujand jashn girifta shud. Hujand, ki dar chorrohai asosii tijorat joygir bud, dar tamomi solhoi mavjudiyatash yake az kalontarin markazhoi iqtisodiyu siyosii Osiyoi Miyona ba shumor meraft. Tarikhi shahr bo nomi shoi- roni mashhur – Kamoli Hujandi, Mahastii Hujandi, Toshkhoja Asiri, Sodirkhoni Hofiz va olimi maruf Hoji YUsuf sakht aloqamand ast.
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Dar tuli solhoi Hokimiyati SHuravi simoi farhangii shahr khele digargun shud. Dar Hujand ziyoda az chor hissai hamai korkhonahoi kalon joygir meboshand. Dar taraqqiyoti sanoa- ti shahr ahamiyati kombinathoi abreshim va konservbarori, zavodhoi shisha va pakhtatozakuni, korkhonahoi korkardi me- tall kalon ast. Zavodi pakhtatozakunii shahr az nav sokhta va bo tekhnologiyai nav jihozonida shudaast. Az sohahoi sanoati khurokvori kombinati konservi Hujand, ki konservhoi mevayu sabzavoti, mevai khushk, sharbatu afshurahoi gunogun istehsol mekunad, ahamiyati kalon dorad. Mahsuloti kombinat dar di- gar nohiyayu shahrho talabgoroni ziyod dorad. Dar shahr kor- khonahoi korkardi metall va istehsoli masolehi sokhtmon niz mavjudand.
Hujand markazi asosii marifatii shimoli jumhuri ast. Dar in jo donishgohhoi omuzgori, tekhnologi omuzishgohhoi tibbi, musiqi va badei mavjudand. Teatri viloyatii musiqiyu drama va muzei tarikhu kishvarshinosi shuhrati kalon dorand. Dar Bogi botanikii shahr ziyoda az 600 navi darakhtu buttahoi Osiyoi Miyona, bahri Miyonazamin, Osiyoi SHarqi, Amrikoi SHimoli parvarish karda meshavand. Bogi botaniki qarib ba tamomi boghoi botanikii jahon robitai ilmi dorad.
Dar sharqtari Hujand shahri Konibodom joy giriftaast, ki dar guzashta shahrchai khurd buda, hamagi chand dukoni bofanda- gi dosht. Holo Konibodom markazi kaloni sanoati buda, do- roi korkhonahoi konservbarori, pakhtatozakuni, ravgankashi, rekhtagariyu mekhaniki, fabrikai resandagi, zavodi «Avtozap- chast» meboshad. Dar Konibodom tekhnikumi tekhnologi va teat- ri drama mavjud ast.
SHahri Isfara dar sohili rudi Isfara voqe ast. SHahr zud vase shuda, dar oyanda ba markazi muhimmi sanoati tabdil khohad yoft. Kombinati konservi Isfara az jihati buzurgi dar nohiyai iqtisodii Hujand joyi seyumro megirad. Dar Isfa- ra chand korkhonai khurd niz mavjudand, ki ranghoi minerali, masolehi sanoat, bofandagi istehsol mekunand. Isfara yake az gushahoi zebomanzarai jumhuri ast. Dar kanori shahr darmon- gohi «Zumrad» voqe ast, ki ahamiyati mintaqavi dorad.
Istaravshan az jumlai shahrhoi qadimtarini Tojikiston ast. To zamoni SHuravi dar shahr ustohoi kandakor, gachkor,
zarduzho, zargaron bisyor budand. Holo Istaravshan shahri sa- noati ast. Dar on sohahoi sanoati sabuk va khurokvori rushd yofta istodaand. Zavodi konservi Istaravshan kishmish, mevai khushk, konserv, sharbat istehsol mekunad. Dar Istaravshan fabrikai kalontarini keshbofii jumhuri joy giriftaast. Sanoati mahallii shahr niz taraqqi dorad. Istaravshan chun poytakhti Istaravshani qadim baroi muarrikhon, bostonshino- son va sayyohon maroqangez ast. Dar Istaravshan az yodgorihoi tarikhiyu memori Masjidi Kukgunbaz (asri XVI), maqba- rahoi Bobotago (okhiri asri XVI) , Abdulqodiri Geloni (asri XVI), CHorgunbaz (asri XVIII) boqi mondaand.
Panjakent kalontarin mahalli aholinishin va markazi sa- noatii vodii Zarafshon meboshad. Korkhonahoi muhimtarini sanoati zavodhoi konserv, khisht va tamoku ba shumor meravand. Dar shahr osorkhonai jumhuriyavii tarikhu kishvarshinosi tashkil karda shudaast. SHahr doroi donishkadai oli, omuzish- gohi kadrhoi omuzgori, kasbhoi tekhniki va khonai madaniyat meboshad. Az yodgorihoi memori masjidi Olim-dodkhoh (asri XVIII) shoyoni tavajjuh ast.
Panjakent az jumlai shahrhoi qadimtarini jahon meboshad. Dar in jo kovishhoi dimnai Panjakent, ki yake az markazhoi davlati Sugd bud, idoma dorad. Panjakenti qadim va hafri- yoti Sarazm (davrai birinji) baroi tavsifi ijtimoiyu iqti- sodi va tamadduni on davr malumoti ajib medihand. Dar nazdikii Panjakent (dehai Panjrud) maqbarai sardaftari adabiyoti klassikii forsu tojik Abuabdullohi Rudaki joy giriftaast.
Bo sharofati sokhtmoni NBO-i Qayroqqum dar sohili «Bahri tojik» shahri navi zamonavi – Qayroqqum qomat afrokht. Dar shahr yake az kalontarin muassisahoi sanoati sabuk – kombi- nati qolinbofi, kombinathoi ordkashi va khonasozi joygir meboshand. Dar sohili bahr joyhoi farogat va istirohatgoh sokhta shudaand. Dar nohiyai iqtisodii Sugd binobar kashf shu- dani koni sarvathoi zerizamini shahrhoi nav ba vujud oma- dand, masalan, Naftobod (shahri naftchiho), SHurob (shahri angishtkanho), Adrasmon, Zarafshon (shahri naqbkanon).
Nohiyai iqtisodii Hisor shahrhoi Dushanbe, Vahdat, Tur- sunzoda va nohiyahoi mamurii Hisor, Tursunzoda, Rudaki, 172
Varzob, SHahrinav va Fayzobodro dar bar megirad. Masoha- tash 11,9 haz. km2, aholiash beshtar 1,5 mln. nafar ast.
Nohiya vodii Hisor va kuhhoi nazdi onro faro girifta, nohiyai az hama seraholii jumhuri ast. Dar nohiya, khususan aho- lii shahr, bosurat afzoish meyobad.
Pesh az davrai Hokimiyati SHuravi shugli asosii mardumi nohiyai iqtisodii Hisor gallakori va chorvodori bud. Ko- sibi ahamiyati mahalli dosht. Holo dar nohiya joyi asosiro sohahoi sanoati vaznin (moshinsozi, metallurgiyai ranga, elektro- energetika), inchunin sanoathoi sabuk va khurokvori megirand. Pakhtakori, bogdori, tokdori, sabzavotkori va chor- vodori sohahoi asosii kishovarzii nohiya meboshand.
Markazi metallurgiyai rangai nohiya va jumhuri zavodi alyuminiii Tojikiston (shahri Tursunzoda) ast. Korkhonahoi moshinsozi, masolehi sokhtmon, sanoati khurokvori va sabuk niz mavjudand.
SHaroiti tabii va iqlimi nohiyai iqtisodii Hisor baroi rushdi kishovarzi, ki ba parvarishi pakhta, sabzavot, tok, in- chunin bogdoriyu chorvodori makhsus gardonida shudaast, khele musoid meboshad. Sitrusparvari va anjibarparvari niz ri- voj meyobad.
Dar nishebihoi janubii qatorkuhi Hisor mamnugohi «Ro- mit» joygir shudaast. Mamnugoh soli 1959 tasis yofta, ma- sohati on ziyoda az 16,0 haz. gektar meboshad. Dar mamnugoh hayvonote, ki sarshumorashon kam mondaast (ohui kholgul, khir- si malla, morkhur va gayra) muhofizat karda meshavand.
Dar nohiya mamnugohi tarikhii Hisor mavjud ast. Dar ni- shebihoi janubii qatorkuhi Hisor istirohatgohi Hojaobi- garm va darmongohi SHambari voqe gardidaand.
Markazhoi kalontarini sanoati va farhangii nohiya shahrhoi Dushanbe, Tursunzoda, Norak va Vahdat meboshand.
Dushanbe poytakhti jumhuri buda, dar qismi zebomanzara va hosilkhezi vodii Hisor (dar balandii 750-930 metr az sathi bahr) voqe gashtaast. Muvofiqi malumoti bostonshinoson Dushanbe tarikhi ziyoda az 2000-sola dorad. Dar hududi on boz- yofthoi davrai YUnonu Bokhtar (asri II to milod) mavjudand.
Dushanbe bakhusus, dar davrai hukmronii Kushoniyon taraqqi karda bud. Ba in hafriyoti mahalhoi aholinishini avvali asrhoi miyona (asrhoi H1-H11) shahodat medihad (dimnahoi SHishakhona, Arki Mir, Teppai Iskandar, Teppai Ispechak va gayra). Nomi Dushanbe dar makhazhoi khatti az ibtidoi asri XVIII yodras meshavad. To barqaror shudani Hokimiyati SHuravi dar in shahr se deha – SHohmansur, Sariosiyo va Du- shanbe mavjud budand. Soli 1924 markazi RASS Tojikiston shud va soli 1925 maqomi shahr girift. Soli 1926 dar Dushan- be nakhustin korkhonai sanoati ba kor daromad. Ba Dushanbe po- ezdi avvalin soli 1929 omadaast.
Aholii shahri Dushanbe bosurat meafzoyad. Soli 1926 shahr 5,6 haz. va soli 1979 501 haz. nafar aholi dosht. Holo dar Du- shanbe ziyoda az 700 haz. nafar aholi zindagi mekunad. Dushanbe markazi kaloni sanoati buda, doroi dahho korkhonahoi kalon ast. Dar shahr korkhonahoi sanoati sabuk (bofandagi, abre- shim, poyafzorduzi, keshbofi va gayra) va khurokvori (ravgan- kashi, gushtu shir va gayra) faoliyat dorand. Az korkhonahoi moshinsozi va korkardi metall – zavodhoi armaturai ba nomi Orjonikidze, «Tojikagregat», «Tojikkabel», «Tojiktekstil- mash», «Torgmash», zavodi yakhdonbarori ahamiyati kalon do- rand. Mahsuloti in zavodho – yakhdon, kabel, dastgohi bofan- dagi va gayra ba digar jumhuriho niz firistoda meshavand. Ba taraqqiyoti shahr rushdi sohahoi kaloni sanoati binokori va masolehi sokhtmon (zavodi sement, korkhonai korkardi chub, fabrikai mebel, zavodi masnuoti betoni) tasiri musbat rasondand.
Dushanbe markazi kaloni ilmu farhangi Tojikiston mebo- shad. Dar in jo Ittifoqi navisandagon va akademiyai ilmhoi Tojikiston bo instituthoi ilmi-tahqiqotii khud joygir me- boshand. Dar Dushanbe 9 maktabi oli (Donishgohi davlatii millii Tojikiston, Donishgohi slavyanii Tojikiston va Rusiya, Donishgohi omuzgorii ba nomi Sadriddin Ayni, Do- nishgohi tibbii ba nomi Abuali ibni Sino, tekhniki, agrari, donishkadahoi tarbiyai jismoni, sanat va zabonho, konserva- toriya), dahho teatr, muzey va kitobkhonaho mavjudand. Bakhshi- da ba 1100-solagii davlati Somoniyon dar Dushanbe mujassa- mai Ismoili Somoni kushoda shud.
Dar bogi botaniki sadho navi buttayu darakhton az qita- hoi gunoguni olam gird ovarda shudaand.
Dushanbe uzvi Federatsiyai baynalmilalii barodarshahrho meboshad va bo shahrhoi Monastir (Tunis), Sano (Jumhurii YAmani Arab), Lusaka (Zambiya), Lohur (Pokiston), Klagenfurt (Avstriya), Bolder (SHMA) barodarshahr ast.
Dar qismi garbii nohiyai Hisor shahri Tursunzoda voqe gardidaast, ki bo rohi avtomobilgard ba shahri Dushanbe pay- vast meboshad. Korkhonahoi muhimtarini shahr: zavodi alyumi- nii tojik va zavodi zarfhoi chini.
SHahri Vakhdat dar joyi dehai YAngibozor sokhta shudaast. Nomi qadimaash Andigon meboshad. Aholiash ziyoda az 50 haz. nafar meboshad. Dar shahr kombinathoi ordkashi, khonasozi, zavodi pakhtatozakuni mavjudand.
Nohiyai iqtisodii Rasht shahri Rogun, shahrakhoi Garm, Na- vobod va nohiyahoi mamurii Rasht, Tojikobod, Tavildara, Nurobod va Jirgatolro dar bar megirad. Masohatash 17,1 haz. km2, aholiash 280 haz. nafar meboshad.
Nohiyai iqtisodii Rasht dar vodie voqe ast, ki bo qator- kuhhoi sarbafalak judo shudaand. Duri va judoi az markazhoi sanoati dar guzashta boisi sust rushd yoftani iqtisodiyoti in nohiyai kuhiston gashta bud. To zamoni Hokimiyati SHuravi ta- vassuti payrohahoi kuhii tang aloqahoi iqtisodi barqaror megasht. Dar nohiya asosan gallakori va chorvodori vujud dosht.
Dar solhoi Hokimiyati SHuravi, badi sokhtmoni rohi avto- mobilgard, iqtisodiyoti nohiya bosurat bolo raft. Solhoi 40 va 50-um yak qismi sokinoni in nohiyaro ba vodihoi pakhtakor muhojir kardand. Az vodihoi Hingob, Surkhob, Kamarob dahho hazor khojagi ba vodihoi Vakhshu Hisor kuchonida shudand. Sohai asosii iqtisodiyoti nohiya kishovarzi ast. Aholi asosan ba dehqoni va chorvodori mashgul meboshad. SHaroiti tabii va iqlim, inchunin mavjudiyati quvvai kori ba rushdi kartoshka- parvari (hosilnokiash 300 s/ga), bogdori va gallakorii lalmi musoidat mekunad. Holo nohiyai iqtisodii Rasht dar jumhuri yake az istehsolkunandagoni asosii kartoshka meboshad.
Solhoi okhir dar nohiya ba bogdori niz diqqati jiddi doda meshavad. Mevajoti in jo khele khushtam ast (khususan sebu nok).
Baroi bogdori zaminhoi nishebiashon 15°-16° musoid ast. Dar zaminhoi nishebiashon ziyod sufaho mesozand va sipas bog bunyod mekunand. Dar khojagii ba nomi «50-solagii Tojikis- ton»-i nohiyai Rasht dar 800 ga nishebii talu teppaho zinabog bunyod karda shudaast. Hosilnokii boghoi nav 180-200 s/ga-ro tashkil medihad. Dar nishebii kuh va vodiho darakhtoni khu- druy: seb, bodom, chormagz, olucha niz vomekhurand.
Az sohahoi chorvodori beshtar govparvari va gusfandpar- vari rivoj yoftaast. Govro baroi shiru gusht va gusfandonro baroi gushtu pashm meparvarand. Solhoi okhir kirmakparvari niz ba sohai peshqadam tabdil yoftaast. Hojagihoi nohiya az kirmak daromadi kalon megirand.
Sanoati nohiyaro korkhonahoi khurdi sabuku khurokvori tash- kil mekunand.
Markazi nohiyai iqtisodi shahraki Garm meboshad. Dar shahrak khonai farhangi ba nomi Hoji Abdulaziz, osorkhonai tarikhu kishvarshinosi va teatri khalqi vujud dorand. Na chan- don durtar az nerugohi barqii Rogun shahri Rogun bunyod yof- taast, ki doroi khiyobonu binohoi zeboi zamonavi buda, onro shahri energetikho niz menomand.
Dar sohili rosti daryoi Surkhob, 30 km durtar az Garm shahra- ki Navobod joygir shudaast. To soli 1955 shahraki Navobod markazi viloyati Garm va doroi bisyor muassisahoi farhangiyu omuzgori bud.
Joyhoi muhimtarini diqqatjalbkunandai nohiya mavzei CHildukhtaron, darai Kamarob, qalai Sarijar (asrhoi VII- VIII), maqbarai hazrati Burkh (asrhoi UI-HI), dimnai CHorgul (asarhoi X- XII) meboshand.
Nohiyai iqtisodii Vakhsh shahri Qurgonteppa, nohiyahoi mamurii Vakhsh, Jaloliddini Rumi, Abdurrahmoni Jomi, Sarband, Qumsangir, Panj, Jillikul, SHahritus, YOvon, Huro- sonro dar bar megirad. Nohiya dar qismi janubu garbii Toji- kiston voqe gashtaast. Masohatash 12,6 haz. km2. aholii nohiya 1360 haz. nafar meboshad.
Relefi nohiya murakkab nest. Vodii Vakhsh az se taraf bo kuhhoi past ihota shudaast. Balandiash az sathi bahr 350-500 metr meboshad.
Iqlimi nohiya kontinentii khushki subtropikist. Harorati zimiston ba hisobi miyona -1° -3°, tobiston +30°; mohi iyul bazan harorat ba 45° merasad. Tobiston, odatan, borish name- shavad, binobar in, ba kishtzor ob memonand.
To zamoni Hokimiyati SHuravi dar vodii Vakhsh galla va kamu besh pakhta kisht karda meshud. Pakhtaro ba zavodi pakhta- tozakunii Tirmiz mefiristondand. Nohiya badi azkhud karda shudani zaminhoi vodii Vakhsh ru ba rushd nihod. Dar miyonai solhoi 30-yum «Vakhshstroy» yake az sokhtmonhoi zarbdori It- tihodi SHuravi hisob meshud. Dar tuli se sol dar in jo ka- nal (daroziash ziyoda az 100 km) sokhta shud. Bo maqsadi koram kardani vodi aholii nohiyahoi kuhsor ba Vakhsh muhojir karda shudand.
Dar iqtisodiyoti nohiya ahamiyati elektroenergetika kalon ast. Dar daryoi Vakhsh NBO-hoi Sarband, SHarshar va Markazi kor mekunand.
Sanoati khimiya (Zavodi nurihoi azotii Vakhsh va Zavodi elektrokhimiyavii YOvon), moshinsozi (zavodi trasformatori Qurgonteppa va zavodi tamiri mekhaniki), sabuk (zavodhoi pakhtatozakuni, khurokvori), kombinati gusht, zavodi ravgan rivoj meyobad.
Nohiyai iqtisodii Vakhsh dar mamlakat yake az nohiyahoi aso- sii istehsoli pakhtai mahinnakh ast. Solhoi okhir baroi ziyod kardani zamini pakhta chand sistemai obyorii kalon sokhta shuda bud. Dar obyorii kishtzorho ahamiyati sistemai obyorii YOvo- nu Obikiik kalon ast. Alhol korhoi azkhud kardani dashthoi Beshkent va Qarodum idoma dorand.
Dar nohiya stansiyai subtropikhoi khushk mavjud ast, ki dar on navhoi behtarini rastanihoi subtropiki gird ovarda shudaand (anjir, khurmoi yaponi, limu va gayra). Baze navhoi rustanihoro chand sol dar khandaqu palantatsiyaho sanjida, si- pas dar zamini khojagiho parvarish mekunand (masalan: anjir, limu).
Mamnugohi «Beshai palangon», mavzei «CHiluchorchash- ma», dimnai Takhti Sangin, Takhti Qubod, Qalai Mir, Hoja Mashhad, Hoja Durbod, Ajinateppa, Safedmazor, Teppai SHoh (asri III) az jumlai joyhoi jolibi diqqati nohiya ast. Qubodiyon zodgohi Nosiri Husrav – shoir, faylasuf va sayyohi asri XI meboshad.
SHahri Qurgonteppa markazi az hama kaloni sanoati va farhangii nohiyai mazkur ast. Muvofiqi malumoti boston- shinoson shahr hanuz qabl az Osiyoi Miyonaro istilo karda- ni arabho (asrhoi ^-^P) bunyod shudaast. Dar markazi shahri Qurgonteppa, dar teppai balande boqimondai qalai qadim vujud dorad.
Dar tuli solhoi minbada Qurgonteppa ba shahri sanoa- tii kalon tabdil yoft. Dar shahr zavodhoi transformator, mekhaniki, pakhtatozakuni, kombinati gusht, zavodi ravgan, kombinati konserv, Donishgohi energetiki, omuzishgohhoi tibbiyu pedagogi, Donishgohi omuzgori, teatri davlatii mu- siqiyu mazhakavi, maktabi musiqii kudakona, muzei tarikhu kishvarshinosi mavjudand. CHand sol qabl rohi ohani Qurgon- teppa – Kulob ba kor daromad.
Nohiyai iqtisodii Kulob shahrhoi Kulob, Norak va nohi- yahoi mamurii SHurobod, Muminobod, Vose, Kulob, Mir Sayid Alii Hamadoni, Temurmalik, Farkhor, Dangara va Ho- valingro dar bar megirad.
Aholii nohiya ziyoda az 800 haz. nafar va masohatash 12,0 haz. km2 ast. Dar solhoi Hokimiyati SHuravi binobar taraqqiyoti sanoat aholii shahr afzud.
Pesh asosi iqtisodiyoti nohiya gallakori va chorvodori bud. Dar solhoi Hokimiyati SHuravi nohiyai iqtisodii Kulob ba sarzamini ganii kishovarzi va sanoati tabdil yoft. Dar Kulob, Farkhor, Moskva (Hamadoni) chand zavodi pakhtatozakuni sokhta shudand. Dar Kulob zavodi tajribavii tajhizoti tekhnologi mavjud ast. Korkhonahoi sanoati khurokvori (kombinati gusht, zavodhoi ravgan, namak) va istehsoli masolehi sokhtmon baroi ehtiyojoti mardum mahsulot mebarorand.
Dar iqtisodiyoti nohiyai Kulob kishovarzi maqomi khossa do- rad. Sohahoi asosii on pakhtakori, gallakori, chorvodori va kirmakparvari meboshand. Solhoi okhir tokdori va sholikori niz rivoj yoft. Bo maqsadi rushdi kishovarzi dar nohiya oban- borhoi Baljuvon va Selbur sokhta shudand. Az obanbori Norak naqb sokhta shudaast. In imkon medihad, ki ziyoda az 100 haz. ga zamini dashti Dangara obyori karda shavad. Dar Dangara khoja- gihoi pakhtakori va bogu tokdori tashkil karda shudaand.
Norakro (aholiash ziyoda az 25 haz.nafar) shahri energetikho, shahri javonon menomand. SHahr doroi maktab, tekhnikum, ki- noteatr, kitobkhona, muzey va gayra meboshad.
Joygirkunonii ziroat dar nohiya ba khususiyati tabiii qismhoi gunoguni on vobastagii sakht dorad. Dar mintaqai domanakuhi lalmikori rivoj yoftaast. Solhoi okhir dar za- minhoi lalmi tokzorho niz bunyod shuda istodaand. Sovkhozi tokdorii ba nomi Michurini nohiya az zaminhoi lalmi hosili farovon meruyonad.
Nohiyai iqtisodii Kulob bazai muhimmi chorvodorii jumhuri meboshad.
SHahri Kulob markazi kaloni sanoati va farhangii nohiya ast. Tahqiqothoi ilmi va kovishhoi bostonshinosi nishon do- daand, ki Kulob yake az shahrhoi qadimi Osiyoi Markazi mebo- shad. Soli 2006 bo qarori YUnesko 2700-solagii Kulob jashn girifta shud. Az Kulob rohhoi korvongard guzashta, Bukhoroyu Samarqandro bo Badakhshon mepayvastand. Dar hayati Bukho- roi SHarqi shahri Kulob nohiyai tijorati va kosibi bud. Dar solhoi Hokimiyati SHuravi Kulob ba shahri peshraftai doroi muassisahoi sanoati va farhangi tabdil yoft. Ba nazdiki dar shahri Kulob furudgohi baynalmilali kushoda shud.
SHahr ziyoda az 80 haz.nafar aholi dorad. Dar shahr zavodi khisht va yak qator korkhonahoi khurokvori, Donishgohi davlatii omuzgori, omuzishgohhoi tibbi va pedagogi, teatri musiqiyu dramavi, muzei tarikhu kishvarshinosi mavjudand. Mamnu- gohi «Dashtijum», parvarishgohi Sarikhosor, maqbarai Mir Sayid Alii Hamadoni (asri XVI), dimnai Hulbuk (1H-H1, poytakhti mulki Huttalon) joyhoi jolibi nohiya meboshand.
Nohiyai iqtisodii Badakhshon shahri Horug, inchunin nohi- yahoi mamurii Vanj, Darvoz, Rushon, SHugnon, Ishkoshim, Roshtqala va Margob, yane tamomi qalamravi Viloyati Mukh- tori Kuhistoni Badakhshonro dar bar megirad. Masohati nohiya 63,7 haz. km2 (ziyoda az 44 darsadi jumhuri) va aholiash 215 haz. nafar meboshad. Zichii aholi dar 1 km2 ba hisobi miyona 3,3 na- far ast.
Badakhshon dar guzashta mavzei nisbatan dushvorguzari Osiyoi Miyona bud. Rohi avtomobilgardi Ush – Horug avvali solhoi 30-yum ba istifoda doda shud. Dar iqtisodiyoti Ba- dakhshon joyi asosiro kishovarzi megirad. Dar qismi garbii nohiya dar barobari dehqoni chorvodori niz rivoj yoftaast:
dar qismi sharqi faqat chorvo meparvarand. Ziroathoi asosi gandum, jav, nakhud meboshand; zaminhoi nohiya obiand. Solhoi okhir kartoshkaparvari va bogdori (zardolu, seb, nok, shafto- lu) ba roh monda shudaast. Soli 1931 dar nazdikii Horug Bogi botaniki tashkil karda shud, ki balandtarin dar Osiyoi Mar- kazi meboshad. Dar in bog khodimoni Pajuhishgohi biologii Pomiri Akademiyai ilmhoi Tojikiston imkoniyathoi afzoish va behtar namudani navhoi mevajotro dar sharoiti baland- kuh meomuzand.
Kormandoni Bogi botaniki ziyoda az 200 navi rustaniro tavsif karda, taqriban 20 navi rastanihoi doruvoriro ba qayd giriftaand (in rustanihoro dar nohiya bomuvaffaqiyat parvarish kardan mumkin ast). Dar du khojagii nohiyahoi Ru- shon va SHugnon dar masohati 50 gektar bobuna, nardsunbul va digar rustanihoi doruvori parvarish karda meshavand. Parva- rishi rustanihoi doruvori sohai serdaromad buda, dar oyanda metavonad tamokukoriro ivaz namoyad. Az sohahoi chorvodori gusfandparvari, dar qismi sharqi nohiya boshad, gajgovpar- vari bartari dorad.
Sanoati nohiya sust taraqqi kardaast. Solhoi okhir energe- tika (NBO-hoi Horug, Qalaikhumb, Vanj, Namadgut) inkishof meyobad. Dar daryoi Gund qatorstansiyaho sokhta khohand shud. Soli 2006 NBO-i Pomir-1 bo tamomi iqtidorash ba kor daro- mad (28 haz.kvt/soat).
Dar Horug korkhonahoi sanoati sabuk va khurokvori (zavo- di non, kombinati gusht, zavodi shir) mavjudand, dar ba- ze mahalho kosibi rivoj yoftaast (bakhusus, jurobhoi pomiri mashhur meboshand).
Istehsoli armugon va zaru zevar (az sanghoi qimatbaho dar Porshnev) taraqqi mekunad.
Markazi asosii mamuri va iqtisodii nohiya shahri Horug ast. Solhoi Hokimiyati SHuravi dar joyi du deha shahr qomat afrokht, sanoati mahalli ba vujud omad. Solhoi badi Jangi Buzurgi Vatani baroi rushdi sanoat va sokhtmoni manzil dar Horug zavodi masnuoti ohanubetoni ba istifoda doda shud. Dar shahr Donishgohi davlati, omuzishgohhoi pedagogi, tib- bi, tekhniki, teatri musiqiyu dramavi ba nomi Rudaki, khonai ejodiyoti khalq, muzei tarikhivu kishvarshinosi mavjud ast. 180
Dar nazdikii Horug stansiyai «Orbita» sokhta shudaast, ki ta- vassuti on barnomahoi televizioni Rusiya va barnomahoi te- levizioni Tojikiston namoish doda meshavand.