Namunai sanoati

Tahti mafhumi on tarhi badeiyu kon- struktorii mahsulot, ki namudi zohirii onro muayyan mena- moyad, fahmida meshavad. Namunai sanoati niz nemati gay- rimoddii dar homili moddi ifodayofta meboshad. Dar tafo- vut az ikhtiro, ki halli tekhnikii masala ast, namunai sa- noati halli namudi zohirii mahsulot meboshad. Namunai sa- noatiro halli tarrohii (dizaynerii) masala niz nomidan mumkin ast.

Namunai sanoati hamchun halli tarrohii masala boyad ba sharthoi zerin javobguy boshad. Pesh az hama, namunai sa- noati ba vosita va rohhoi mushakhkhasi amaligardonii mat- labi ejodii tarroh ishora kunad. Agar masalai guzoshta- shuda halli khudro nayofta boshad, namunai sanoati hamchun obekti mustaqil holo ofarida nashudaast. Duyum, vazifai namunai sanoati dar muayyan namudani namudi zohirii mah- sulot ifoda meyobad. Zimnan zeri mafhumi mahsulot ashyoi istehsoloti sanoati va kosibi dar nazar doshta meshavad, ki baroi kone namudani talabothoi inson ravona shuda, qo- bili darki binoi va nigoh doshtani namudi zohirii khud me- boshand. Namudi zohirii ashyo nishonahoi gunogunro dar bar girifta metavonad, ammo dar har surat on bo joygirshavii mutaqobilai unsurhoi asosii kompozitsioni, ijroi shakl va rang muayyan karda meshavad. Seyum, halli namudi zohirii mol va yo vositai naqliyot boyad khislati badeiyu konstruktory doshta boshad, yane dar namudi zohirii ashyo boyad unsurhoi badey va konstruktori hamohang boshand. Istifodai tanho vositahoi badei, masalan, tagyir dodani rangi ashyo, yo in ki tanho vositahoi konstruktori, masalan, tagyir dodani hajmi ashyo, baroi etirofi namunai sanoati kifoya nest. Unsurhoi badei va konstruktori boyad ba ham muvofiqat namuda, hamdigarro purra namoyand. Ba tarbiyai zebopa- rastii inson musoidat namoyad.

Ba sifati namunai sanoati mahsuloti alohidai yagona, qismi tarkibii on, majmuai mahsulot, navi mahsulot ba- romad karda metavonand. Mahsulot hamchun obekti namunai sanoati dar navbati khud hajmi, hamvor yo omekhta buda meta- vonad. Namunahoi sanoatii hajmi gufta kompozitsiyaro me- monand, ki asosi onhoro sokhtori hajmiyu fazoi tashkil me- namoyad. Masalan, halli badeiyu konstruktori, ki namudi zohirii dastgoh, moshinhoi kishovarziro muayyan mekunand. Namunahoi sanoatii hamvor tanosubi jadvaliyu grafikii unsurhoro ifoda karda, voqean hajm nadorand. Masalan, halli badeiyu konstruktori, ki namudi zohirii qolin, ruymol va gayraro muayyan menamoyad.

Qismi mahsulot dar holate ba sifati namunai sanoati etirof karda meshavad, ki agar dar tarkibi digar mahsulot istifoda burdani on imkonpazir boshad, inchunin vazifai mustaqilro doshta va tarhi anjomyofta boshad.

Namunai sanoati boyad az yak qator obekthoi digari huquqi molikiyati zehnii ba on monand farq karda shavad. Masalan, az modeli mufid, tamgai molii hajmi va asarhoi sanati oroishiyu amali. Tafovuti namunahoi sanoati va modeli mufid az rui khislati halli masala guzaronida me- shavad. Agar namunai sanoati namudi zohirii ashyoro ba yorii vositahoi badei va konstruktori hal kunad, modeli mu- fid halli tekhnikie meboshad, ki ba ijroi konstruktivii vositahoi istehsolot va ashyoi istemoli, inchunin qismhoi tarkibii onho dakhl dorad. Ba tavri digar ifoda namoem, modeli mufid nanamudi zohirii sokhtor, balki mohiyati tekh- nikii onro muhofizat mekunad.

Baze namudi ashyoho, masalan, quttihoi asly, ham ba si- fati namunai sanoati va ham ba sifati tamgai molii hajmi etirof shudanash mumkin ast. Intikhobi shakli muhofizat az shakhsi arizadihanda vobasta ast. On holate istisno nest, ki yak obekt ham ba sifati namunai sanoati va ham ba sifa- ti nishoni moli muhofizat karda shavad. Zero obekthoi nombarshuda vazifahoi gunogunro ijro mekunand. Bo tarti- bi gunogun ba rasmiyat darovarda meshavand va shakhsi ariza- dihanda nisbati onho huquq va uhdadorihoi az rui muhlati amal va hajm gunogunro ba dast meorad.

Monandii muayyanro bayni namunahoi sanoati va asar- hoi sanati oroishiyu amali, ki obekti huquqi muallifi meboshand, mushohida namudan mumkin ast. Ba muammoi mu- vofiqati onho dar adabiyoti huquqii shuravi diqqati ziyod doda shudaast, ammo to hol alomathoi zaruri, ki tafovuti onhoro nishon doda tavonad, peshkash nagardidaast. Imruz mahsuloti ziyod, ki ba tamomi talaboti asarhoi sanati oroishiyu amali javobgu ast, namunai sanoati etirof shuda metavonand. Binobar in, shakhsi arizadihanda metavonad obekti huquqi molikiyati zehniro dar doirai meyorhoi huquqi muallifi hifz namoyad, yo in ki muhofizati onro dar doirai meyorhoi huquqi patenti tamin namoyad.

Dar yak vaqt qonuni JT dar borai namunahoi sanoati, tarhhoi zerinro namunahoi sanoatii patentpazir namehiso- bad: tarhhoe, ki tanho az tainoti tekhnikii mahsul barmeo- yand; tarhi obekthoi memori (gayr az shaklhoi khurdi me- mori), inshooti sanoati, gidrotekhniki va inshooti digari sobit; mahsuloti chopi dar navi khudash; tarhi obekthoi shaklashon noustuvor az moddahoi moe, gazmonand, posh- khuranda va amsoli onho sokhtashuda; tarhi mahsulote, ki khi- lofi manfiathoi jamiyati, prinsiphoi insondusti va akh- lok meboshand.

Hamin tariq, ba manoi vase, namunai sanoati gufta hama guna tarhi badeiyu konstruktorii mahsulotro meno- mand, ki namudi zohirii onro muayyan mekunad. Ba in mano, ba sifati namunai sanoati halli namudi zohirii hama guna ashyoi nav, ki dar sanoat istehsol meshavad, etirof megar- dad.

Muvofiqi m. 5 qonuni JT dar borai namunahoi sano- ati, hifzi huquqi ba on namunahoi sanoati tamin megar- dad, ki nav va asli (originali) meboshand. Dar tajribai ja- honi alomati seyumi patentpazirii namunai sanoati, yane qobili tatbiq; budani on niz peshbini megardad, vale dar qonuni JT alomati mazkur bevosita nombar nashudaast. Na- munai sanoati hamon vaqt nav hisobida meshavad, ki agar majmui alomathoi asosii dar tasvirhoi mahsulot ifodayof- ta va dar nomgui alomathoi asosii namunai sanoati ovar- dashuda, az malumote, ki to sanai avvaliyati namunai sa- noati dar jahon dastrasi umum gardidaand, malum naboshad. Tahti alomathoi asosii namunai sanoati, hamai alomathoi dar alohidagi zarur va dar majmu baroi simoi zohirii mahsulot kofi fahmida meshavad. Hangomi muqar- rar kardani navii namunai sanoati, hamai namunahoi sano- atii dar JT patentnokkardashuda, hamchunin arizaho ba namunahoi sanoatie, ki baroi giriftani patenti JT az jonibi shakhsoni digar peshnihod karda shudaand (gayr az arizahoi bozkhondashuda), ba hisob girifta meshavand, ba sharte ki avvaliyati onho peshtar boshad.

Navii namunai sanoati dar holati imtiyoznoki zerin nigoh doshta meshavad. Oshkor gardonidani malumote, ki dar natijai on mohiyati namunai sanoati dastrasi umum gar- didaast, patentpazirii namunai sanoatiro kohish namedi- had, agar in amal az jonibi arizadihanda, muallif yo shakhsi digare, ki az onho mustaqiman yo ba tariqi gayrimustaqim malumoti ba namunai sanoati dakhldorro ba dast ovarda- ast, ijro shuda boshad va agar ariza baroi namunai sanoati na dertar az 6 mohi badi sanai oshkor shudani ni malumot ba Idorai patentii JT peshnihod shuda boshad.

Namunai sanoati hamon vaqt asli hisob karda meshavad, ki agar alomathoi asosii on, jihathoi ejodkoronai khusu- siyathoi zavqii (estetikii) mahsulotro muayyan namoyand. Alomathoe, ki khususiyathoi estetiki va (yo) ergonomii namu- di zohirii mahsulot, tarhu shakli on, naqshu nigor va tano- subi ranghoro muayyan mekunand, ba alomathoi asosii namu- nai sanoati dokhil meshavand.

Alomati mazkur nisbati namunahoi sanoati hamon ahamiyatero dorad, ki nisbati ikhtiro sathi ikhtirokori dorad. Mahz tavassuti alomati mazkur namunahoi sanoati hamchun halli ejodii badeiyu konstruktori az natijahoi korhoi odii tarrohi farq karda meshavad.

Sanjishi originali budani namunai sanoati bo rohi muqarrar namudani hammonandii nazdik, oshkor namudani nishonahoi muhimi on, jam ovardani mlumothoi zaruri va muqoisai onho guzaronida meshavand.

Namunai sanoati qobili tatbiq ast, agar tajdidi bi- syorkaratai on tavassuti omoda namudani mahsulot imkonpa- zir boshad. Mahz alomati mazkur shakli patentii hifzi namunai sanoatiro muhim menamoyad. Dar robita ba in, boyad zarur nabudani hifzi patentii namudi zohirii tajdidna- shavandaro qayd namoem. Masalan, kori dastii sathi badeii baland, ki bo meyorhoi huquqi muallif hifz karda mesha- vand.