Home / Jamiyat / Ogozi davat ba khorij az Makka – Muhammad (s)

Ogozi davat ba khorij az Makka – Muhammad (s)

 Toyif dar duvozdah farsang fosila, seruza roh az Makka joygir shuda bud. Dar in shahr qabilai Bani Saqif mezist. Saroni Toyif bo ruasoi Quraysh dodugirift va paymon doshtand. Dar in obodi yake az buthoi asosii arob Lot niz joy dosht. Ruze payombar bo Zayd ibni Horisa, ba rivoyati digare tanho ru ba Toyif menihad va bad az guzashtan az darai Mino va Arafot ba on shahr merasad. Se barodar Abduyolil, Masud va Habib pisaroni Amru ibni Umayr riyosati on shahrro doshtand.[1] In voqea dar 26-umi shavvol /15-humi iyuni soli 619/ ittifoq aftod.[2] Muhammad (s) saroni Toyifro ba dini islom davat mekunad, vale onho natanho davati uro napaziruftand va az u ru gardonidand, vale bo karohat kudakoni khudro mefarmoyand, to uro aziyat kunand. Muhammad (s) az aziyati onho ba boge, ki mutaalliq ba du tan qurayshi bud, panoh mebarad va onho niz az tarsi qurayshiyoni Makka uro paziroi namekunand, magar gulomi onho bo nomi Addos, ki yak tabaq khurmo nazdi u meorad va sheftai davati paygambar gashta bo giryavu zori saru rui uro mebusad.[3]

makkaMuhammad (s) bo yak vazi asafbore ba Makka barmegardad va az vurud ba shahr khuddori mekunad va juyoi himoyat az yakchand nafar shakhsi mutabari qurayshi meshavad. CHand nafare, ki nomhoyashon dar tarikh sabt ast az himoyati u sar mepechand, bilakhira u tahti himoyati Matam ibni Ali voridi Makka meshavad.

Savole pesh meoyad, ki angezai tahammul ba in hama aziyatho, fishoru mahrumiyat chi buda ast, ki paygambari islomro bo shahomat, az khud guzashtagi, fidokori va chashmpushidan az osoishtagivu manofei moddiash uro ba in kor hidoyat medodaast. Muhammad Huseyni Haykal dar risolai «Zindagonii Muhammad (s)» yak qiyosi khele jolibe az davati Muhammad (s) bo davathoi Muso va Iso dorad, ki mo onro, kame zimni tahqiqi bevosita gustarish medihem.

Odatan muhaqqiqoni garbi va shuravi, chunon ki qablan ishora shud, davatu risolati Muhammad(s)-ro bo usul va meyorhoi sotsiologi arzyobi namuda, omili paydoishi islomro dar angezahoi ijtimoiyu siyosi mejuyand. Hol on ki voqean, hamon tavre ki M. H. Haykal mefarmoyad, on dar marhilai avval sifran risolati manavi budaast.[4] Dar in robita agar ba zindagi va risolati Muso nigarem, khohem did, ki u dar Misr tavallud va buzurg gardida, tamomi beadolatiho va istibdodi Firavnro nisbat ba qavmi khud – yahudiyon ba chashmi khud dida, amalan ehsos karda bud, az in ru davati u qabl az hama «nahzati siyosiyu dini bud».[5] YAne hadafi risolati Muso az asoratu istibdodi Firavn rahoi bakhshidani qavmi yahud buda. In matlab khele rushan dar kitobi «Huruj» bobi savum bayon shudaast:

«7.Va Hudovand guft: «Mazallati qavmi Hudro dar Misr didam, va figoni onhoro az dasti zulmkunandagonash shunidam, ba tavre ki dardu ozori onhoro medonam:

10 Va alhol biyo, ki turo nazdi Firavn bifiristam, to ki qavmi Man – bani Isroilro az Misr berun ovari».[6] Inak mebined, risolati Muso sifr ijtimoi-siyosi, yane berun ovardani bani Isroil az asorati Misr va istibdodi Firavn buda va on bo vozehiyati tom, chunon ki didem, dar kalomi ilohi takid shudaast.

Hamchunin Iso, ki dar Bayt-Lahmi YAhudo, yake az navohii Falastin tavallud shuda, bad az bozgasht az hijrati haftsolai Misr dar Nosira buzurg shuda bud, vaziyati mustamlikavii Falastinro medonist. Medid, ki mustamlikadoroni Rumi bo khalqi yahud chiho mekunand va ruhoniyon-peshvoyoni huviyatbokhtai yahudiya ba rizoyati murodi in khojahoi khud khalqro gumroh namuda, chk riyokoriho mekardand. In matlabro mo dar kitobi Matto bobi 23 dar mazammati riyokorii kitobdonon va forisiyon ba rushani meyobem. Nahzati ijtimoii Isoi Maseh khafi, pushidavu inkorist, u baraks davat mekunad, insonho ba badi mukholifat nakunand, in khud yak nav etirozi dini – siyosist vale etirozu harakati pushidai siyosi doshta. CHunki dar in davra etirozi oshkoro az tariqi shurishhoi gulomon, az baski hanuz imperiya qudratmand bud, natijae ba juz kushtori gulomon nadoda bud.

Holo bubinem, sharoiti davatu risolati Muhammad (s) chiguna bud. Makka chunon, ki medonem, shahre bud biduni hokimiyati siyosi, ki ba istilohi M. Haykal nizomi zindagii on ba «jumhuri shabohat dosht».[7] Dar on istismoru istibdodi imperiyaviyu mustamlikavi yo khud istibdodi-sokhtori diktaturivu totalitari vujud nadosht, to andozae huquqi inson va shakhsiyati on az tariqi qavonini qabilaviyu avlodi mafhuz bud. CHunon ki didem qurayshiyon az tarsi qisosi khunin yo digar nametavonand qasdi joni Muhammad (s) – ro kunand, harchand dar nihoyat chunon ki khohem did, ba nahve majbur ba chunin amale meshavand, vale az tarsi qisosi khunin dar in jinoyat yakchand avlodro sharik mekunand.

Guzashta az in, az nazari avlodi niz u az namoyandagoni avlodi nomi – bani Hoshim bud, ki vazifai idorai umuri zoironi Kabavu soqiya (obu non dodan)-i hojiyonro dar dast dosht. Pas az izdivoj bo Hadija az nazari vazi ijtimoi dar sharoiti khube bud. Pas kadom manofe, ormonu ideali siyosii uro hidoyat mekard? Harchand kushish ba kharj nadihem, ba in savol javobe paydo kardan mushkil ast, ba juz on ki davati u sifr dink-manavi buda, dar ibtido mabni ba hej hadafi siyosivu iqtisodie nabud. Az in ru M.H. Haykal niz mefarmoyad, ki risolati Muhammad dar muhite, ki vazi onro sharh dodem, “munhasiran risolati manavi bud, ki bar asosi davat ba haqiqatu khubi va zeboi ustuvor gashta bud va mabnovu maqsadi digare juz in nadosht.”[8]

Pas az in hama az khud guzashtagi, sabru tahammul ba azobu shikanjaho az tarafi Muhammad(s) tanho dar zaminai imoni komil va etiqodi rosikhi u ba risolati payombarii khud jihati intishori tavhidi kholis, islohu tajdidi manaviyot, takmili dinu mazhab va bunyodi zaminai ummati vohid, na dar asosi najodu millat, balki bar asosi bovark va din budaast.

[1]       d. m. T. Ardakoni, Tarikhi tahlilii islom, s. 95.

[2]         O. G. Bolshakov, Istoriya Halifata , s. 82.

[3]         Toho Huseyn , Oyinai islom, s. 40-41.

[4]       M. H. Haykal, zindagonii Muhammad, s. 156-157.

[5]       Hamon jo.

[6]       Bibliya, tarjumai. Tojiki, Instit. Tarjumai Bibliya. Stokgolm. S. 1992, s. 96.

[7]       M. H. Haykal, Zindagonii Muhammad, s. 157.

[8]       Hamon jo.

Инчунин кобед

maxresdefault

NIYOZMANDII HAMAGONI VA MAFKURAI NAV

Holo pas az oshnoi bo sharoiti jugrofiyoi va hayoti manaviyu mazhabi va farhangiyu-siyosii Jaziratu-l-Arab metavon …