Oksidi karbon (IV) – SO2

Gazi berang, bebuy, bemazza, dar ob kamhalshavanda (0°S 1,7l SO₂ dar 1 l N₂O) va az havo 1,5 maro- tiba vaznin ast. Hamai chor bandi kovalenti dar bayni atomhoi karbon va oksigen qutbi meboshand. Azbaski sokhti molekulai oksidi karbon (IV) khatti meboshad, du atomi oksigeni simmetri joygirshuda, zaryadi atomi karboni dar bayn budaro betaraf (neytral) megardonand. Dar natija molekulai oksidi karbon (IV) gayriqutbi meshavad.

o = s = o

Dar sanoat, hangomi istehsoli ohaksang, suzishi angisht va hamai moddahoi organiki SO₂ hosil meshavad:

SaSO₃     ¹²⁰⁰° ® SaO + SO₂$;

S + O₂ = SO₂$; S₃N₈ + 5O₂ = 3SO₂ + 4N₂O.

Dar laboratoriya hangomi tasiri mutaqobili kislotaho ba karbonatho (bur yo marmar) va inchunin zimni tafsonidani gidrokarbonatho SO₂ hosil meshavad.

SaSO₃ + 2NS1 ® SaS1₂ + N₂O + SO₂$;

2\a11SO.                            \a,SO. + N₂O + SO₂G

Tahti fishor va harorati past SO₂ ba ob tasir namuda, kis- lotai karbonati noustuvorro hosil mekunad. Mahluli kislotai karbonatro «obi gaznok» menomand.

SO₂ + N₂O ~ N₂SO₃

SO₂ hamchun oksidi kislotagi bo oksidhoi asosi, asosho va ishqorho ba reaksiya dokhil meshavad.

SaO + SO₂ SaSO₃;

2\aO11 + SO₂ \a,SO. + N₂O;

\aO11 +SO_{2(b yo})                      \a11SO,

2(barziyod)                                    3

Dar harorati baland SO₂ metallhoi ishqori va ishqorzami- niro oksid menamoyad:

SO₂ + 2Md 2MdO + S

Dar vaqti az ohakob guzaronidani SO₂ khirashavii mahlul mushohida meshavad, ki in reaksiya baroi muayyan kardani gazi karbonat meboshad.

Sa(ON)₂ + SO₂ SaSO_z; + N₂O

Hangomi az mahluli ohakob ba miqdori barziyod guzaronidani SO₂ khiragii mahlul bartaraf megardad. Dar in hol karbonatho ba gidrokarbonatho tabdil meyoband.

SaSO₃ + SO₂ + N₂O Sa(NSO₃)₂

Istifodabary. Oksidi karbon (II) hamchun suzishvorii gaz- shakl va inchunin dar bisyor reaksiyahoi sintezi organiki istifo- da meshavad. Dar sanoati metallurgi baroi barqaror namudani metallho az oksidhoyashon istifoda mebarand.

Oksidi karbon (IV) dar harorati khonagi va fishori 60 atm. ba moe tabdil meyobad. Zimni bukhor shudani on chunon garmi furu burda meshavad, ki qismi SO₂ ba jismi barfmonand tabdil me- gardad. Dar chunin shakl onro «yakhi khushk» menomand.

Istifodabarii karbon va oksidi karbon (IV) dar rasmhoi 49 va 50 nishon doda shudaast.

Rasmi 49. Istifodai karbon: 1 – istehsoli almosi suni;

2 – dar tib; 3 – dar tarkibi loki siyoh; 4 – jabbanda (adsorbent);

• – istehsoli qand; 6 – rangi siyoh; 7 – spirti metil;

8 – benzini sintezi; 9 – rezin; 10 – karbidi kalsiy

3                               4                                                                                  6

Rasmi 50. Istifodai oksidi karbon (IV): 1 – istehsoli qand
2 – sukhtorkhomushkuni; 3 – istehsoli obi meva; 4 – «yakhi khushk»;

5 – ba dast ovardani soda; 6 – baroi istehsoli shisha;

7 – moddahoi shuyanda; 8 – doruho

Masalai 1. Az tarkibi ohakob 20 litr SO va SO₂-ro guza- ronidand, ki dar natija 12,5 g tahshin hosil shud. CHand foizi omekhtagiro SO tashkil medihad?

Hal:

Hl             12,5 g

Sa(ON)₂ + SO₂ ® SaSO₃ ; +N₂O

22,4l           100g

^Hl = 12,5G; _kh = ^22,4• I^2,5 = 2,8_L so

22,4l 100g                      100

20l-100%	kh= 2,8 • 100% = 14% SO2. 100%-14% = 86%SO.
2,8l-kh%	20 2 Javob: 86% SO

Masalai 2. Zichii omekhtai SO va SO₂ nisbat ba 😯₂ ba 0,5 ba- robar ast. Hissai hajmi SO₂-ro dar in omekhta hisob kuned.

Hal: Baroi halli in masala boyad massai nisbii molekulavii omekhtai dodashudaro muayyan kard.

e ¹ ; m, = e • m₂

m₂            ^{1                                2}

M^ = 0,5 • 64 = 32g / mol

m₁(omekh.)-?g

In masala bo usuli salibi Pirson (krest) hal karda mesha- vad.

1) SO2 SO	2) 4 + 12 = 16 hissa
44 28
\ /	16 hissa – 100%	4400%       ^p/
32	3)	kh=                 = 25% SO2
/ \	4 hissa – 100%	16 2
4 12

Javob: 25% SO₂

&__________________________________

1. Karbon. 2. Navkhoi allotropii karbon. 3. Adsorbsiya.
2. Hosiyathoi fizikavi va khimiyavii karbon. 5. Oksidhoi karbon.

?sh____________________

1. Dar holati asosy valent va darajai oksidshavii karbon ba chand barobar ast?
2. Navhoi allotropii karbonro nombar kuned va farqi bayni onhoro sharh dihed.
3. Muodilai reaksiyai hosilshavii karbidi kalsiy, bahamtasirii karbon va kislotai nitratro navised. Darajai oksidshavii kar- bonro dar payvastagihoyash muayyan kuned.
4. Hosiyathoi fizikavii oksidi karbon (II) va oksidi karbon (IV)- ro bayon kuned.
5. Sohai istifodabarii karbon va oksidhoi onro sharh dihed.
6. 86 l omekhtagii SO va SO₂-ro az tarkibi mahluli Va(ON)₂ guzaro-

nidand, ki dar natija 591g tahshin hosil shud. CHand foizi omekh- tagiro SO tashkil medihad?          (Javob: 21,9%)

7. Zichii omekhtagii SO va SO₂ nisbat ba gidrogen ba 18 barobar ast. Hissai hajmi SO₂-ro dar omekhta bo hisobi foiz muayyan kuned.

(Javob: 50% )

8. Baroi suzonidani 26 g angisht, ki 12% gash dorad, chand litr havo (d.sh.m.), ki 20% onro O₂ tashkil medihad, sarf meshavad?

(Javob: 213,5 l)