ROBITAHOI IQTISODII BERUNI

ROBITAHOI IQTISODII BERUNI

Tojikiston kompleksi yagonai khojagii khalq buda, vazi ijtimoiyu iqtisodii on ba taraqqiyoti iqtisodii davlathoi digar zich aloqamand ast.

Barobari afzudani iqtidori iqtisodi va ba mamlakati ser- sohai sanoatash peshrafta tabdil yoftani Tojikiston ishtiro- ki on dar taqsimoti baynalmilalii mehnat ziyod shud. Mahsu- loti sohahoi gunoguni Tojikiston dar bozori jahoni sol az sol meafzoyad. Agar to solhoi 40-umi asri HH dar sodiroti mamlakat tanho mahsuloti kishovarzi bartari doshta boshad, pas holo hissai metallurgiyai ranga, sanoati sabuk va mahsu- loti digari sanoati niz afzuda istodaast.

Tojikiston bo 76 mamlakati khoriji ravobiti iqtisodi dorad va ziyoda az 25 nomguy mahsulot mebarorad. Ayni zamon Tojikiston az jonibi 130 davlat ba rasmiyat shinokhta shuda- ast va uzvi komilhuquqi Sozmoni Milali Muttahid (SMM) meboshad. Dar soli 2012 qarib 50 darsadi robitahoi berunii Tojikiston bo jumhurihoi Ittihodi Davlathoi Mustaqil (IDM) buda, 31,9 darsad ba davlathoi Avrupo va 16,1 darsad ba davlathoi Osiyo rost meomad.

Dar haft soli okhir (solhoi 2005-2012) ravobiti savdoi be- runii Tojikiston khele behtar shud. Hajmi ravobit az 2238,8 mln. dollari amerikoi dar soli 2005 ba 4463,3 mln. dollar dar soli 2012 rasid va yo khud qarib 2 barobar afzud. Dar in davra potensiali voridoti 15,9 darsad, sodiroti boshad, to 97,0 dar- sadro tashkil namud. Hamagi dar solhoi 2005-2012 hajmi umu- mii savdoi berunii Tojikiston ba 25864,6 mln. dollar rasid, ki az in 8556,3 mln. dollar (33,0 darsad) ba hissai voridoti va 17308,3 mln. dollar (54,4 darsad) ba hissai sodiroti (import) rost meoyad.

Sol to sol hamkorii iqtisodii on bo davlathoi duru nazdik ravnaq meyobad. Dar haft soli okhir (2005-2012) hissai asosiro dar sodirot bo mamlakati mo Turkiya (43,3 darsad), CHin (20,2 darsad), Rusiya (6,0 darsad) ishgol mekunand. Dar hissai vori- dot boshad, joyi avvalro Rusiya (30,1 darsad), sipas CHin (12,0 darsad), Ukraina (4,9 darsad) va Qazoqiston (13 darsad) me- girand. Dar hayati molhoi sodirshavandai Tojikiston joyi muhimro alyuminiy, tajhizoti az alyuminiy tayyorshuda, me- tallhoi nodir, nakhi pakhta, mevayu sabzavot, nushokiho, tamo- ku, abreshim, pusti qarokuli, pashm, matohoi pakhtagin, nerui barq ishgol mekunand. Masalan, metalli alyuminiy beshtar ba davlathoi Ittihodi Davlathoi Mustaqil (Rusiya, Turkmani- ston), Niderlandiya, Turkiya; nakhi pakhta ba Rusiya, Belorussiya, Belgiya, Britaniyai Kabir, Koreya; quvvai barq ba Qirgiziston va Afgoniston sodir meshavad.

Dar davomi solhoi 2005-2012-um 14,3 darsadi molhoi sodi- rotii Tojikiston ba hissai davlathoi IDM va 85,1 darsadash ba davlathoi digari jahon, az on jumla 14 darsadash ba his- sai Avrupo va 11,4 darsadash ba davlathoi Osiyo rost meoyad. Dar bayni davlathoi IDM az molhoi sodirshavandai Toji- kiston ba hissai Rusiya – 41,7 darsad, Uzbekiston – 3,1 darsad, Qazoqiston – 33,3 darsad, Ukraina – 7,8 darsad, Moldova – 17,3 darsad va Turkmaniston 1,0 darsad rost meoyad.

Hissai molhoi ba Tojikiston voridshavanda gayri mam- lakathoi IDM az digar davlathoi duru nazdik niz meafzo- yad. Masalan, az Olmon trasformator, akkumulyator, libos, az Britaniyai Kabir mahsuloti naft, nasos, qismhoi ehtiyotii avtomobil, az Eron avtomobili sabukrav, ravgani oftobpa- rast, choy, libos, az Polsha qand, az SHvetsiya tajhizoti labo- ratori va gayra.

Jumhurii Tojikiston minbad kushish ba kharj medihad, ki molhoi sodirotii khudro tibqi talaboti bozori jahoni isteh- sol kunad va payvasta sifati onhoro behtar namoyad.

Muvofiqi jadvali 7 hissai sodirotu voridoti Tojikiston dar bayni davlathoi jahon chunin ast (dar soli 2012 bo hisobi darsad):

JaDvali 7.

Az zamoni Hokimiyati SHuravi to ba hol Tojikiston pay- vasta dar namoishu yarmarkahoi baynalmilali bo mahsuloti sanoatiyu kishovarzi shirkat mevarzad. Soli 1976 dar namo- ishgohi Jumhurii Misri Arab va Eron, soli 1977 dar Suriya, soli 1978 dar Bulgoriya, soli 1979 dar Iroq, soli 1980 dar Aljazoir ishtirok kard. Minbad solhoi istiqloliyat boshad (az soli 1994 to in jonib), mahsulothoi sanoati va kishovar- zii Tojikiston dar Olmon, CHin, Koreyai Janubi, Rusiya, Fa- ronsa, SHMA bomuvaffaqiyat namoish doda shudaand. Bo in roh dar bozori jahoni ba mahsuloti sanoat va kishovarzii Tojikiston maroqi ziyod paydo gardid.

Holo dar Tojikiston 120 korkhonai mushtarak bo kumaki sarmoyai khoriji kor mekunad, ki 60-toi on dar Dushanbe joy- gir shudaand. Qismi ziyodi andukhti investitsiyahoi khoriji dar jumhuri ba sohahoi korkardu istikhroji metallhoi qimatbaho (24,2 darsad), istehsoli mahsuloti bofandagi (23,3 darsad), metallurgiyai ranga (11,8 darsad) ravona karda shudaand. Kor- khonahoi mushtaraki «Javoni», «Sano», «Zarafshon», «Sito- rai samar» va gayra az qabili korkhonahoi kalon meboshand.

Dar Tojikiston bo kumaki sarmoyaguzoroni khoriji sokhtmo- ni naqbi agbai Anzob (Istiqlol), naqbi SHarshar, SHahris- ton, nerugohhoi Sangtuda-1, Sangtuda-2, yakchand pulhoi sar- moyahoi muhim dar daryoi Panj ba istifoda doda shudand va minbad korkardi filizzoti rangayu nodir, korkardi pakhta, istehsoli nurihoi minerali, rushdi sohahoi agrosanoati va boz chandin korkhonahoi digar ba kor khohand daromad. 25 mayi soli 2004 kushoda shudani rohi navi moshingardi Kulob – Qalaikhunb – Horug – Murgob – Qulma dar rushdi ravobiti iqtisodii Tojikiston bo davlati buzurgi CHin sahifai nav ba shumor meravad. Ba vositai in roh Tojikiston imkoniyat meyobad, ki ba shohrohi baynalmilalii Qaroqorum baromada, minbad munosibathoi iqtisodii khudro bo davlathoi Pokis- ton, Nepal, Hinduston rivoj dihad. Ahamiyati tarikhii in shohroh boz dar on zohir megardad, ki Tojikiston baroi ba uqyonusi jahoni baromadan imkoniyat paydo mekunad.

Dar barobari robitahoi iqtisodi Tojikiston munosi- bathoi farhangii khudro niz sol az sol bo mamlakathoi guno- gun gustarish medihad. Tayi chandin sol guzaronidani ruzhoi sanatu adabiyoti Tojikiston dar Rusiya, Faronsa, Olmon, Polsha, Uzbekiston ba shakli anana daromadaast. Soli 2004 boshad, mardumi tojik bo khushnudii ziyod ruzhoi madaniyati Rusiya va Qirgizistonro dar Tojikiston qayd namudand. Soli 2006 dar jashni Buzurgdoshti tamadduni oriyoi va 2700 – sola- gii shahri Kulob az tamomi gushayu kanori dunyo khodimoni dav- lati, olimon va namoyandagoni farhang ishtirok namudand. Bori chorum ast, ki dar shahri Dushanbe Jashnvorai baynal- milalii teatrhoi lukhtaki «CHodari khayol» barguzor megardad.

Olimonu navisandagoni tojik bo bisyor markazhoi ilmiyu farhangii Avrupo, Osiyo va qitai Amriko robitahoi nazdik dorand. Asarhoi onho bo chandin zabonhoi khoriji nashr gar- dida, shuhrati ilm va adabiyoti tojikro boz ham balandtar me- gardonand.