Илмхона Комрон.инфо
Okhiri soli 1932 dar IMA intikhoboti navbatii prezidenti doir gardid. Dar on nomzadho az Hizbi chumhuriyatkhohon Guver va az Hizbi demokrati Ruzvelt ishtirok kardand. Dar in intikhobot nomzadi demokratho Franklin Delano Ruz- velt galaba kard. Ba chonibdorii u 22,8 million nafar intikhobkunan- dagon va ba chonibdorii Guver hamagi 15,8 million nafar ovoz dodand. Hamin tariq, dar Amerika hokimiyat ba dasti demokratho tuzasht.
9 marti soli 1933, badi hamagi yakchand ruzi ba ichroi vazifai prezidenti shuru namudani Ruzvelt, ichlosiyai makhsusi Kongress da- vat karda shud, ki on ziyoda az se moh davom kard. Dar in muddat Kon- gress qonunhoe qabul kard, ki qarib hamai sohahoi hayoti Amerikaro dar bar giriftand. Dar zarfi 100 ruzi avvali prezidenti Ruzvelt ba siyosati oyandai hukumati khud zamina guzosht, ki on dar tarikhi Ameri- ka «Rohi nav» («Niyu Diil») nom giriftaast.
Hangomi tahiyai in siyosat aqidahoi iqtisodshinosi mashhuri an- glis Jon Meynard Keyns dasturi amal qaror doda shud. Keyns va payravoni u bar on aqida budand, ki baroi tamini charayoni mu- tadili takroristehsoli sarmoyadori tanzimi faolonai davlatii iqtisodiyot zarur ast. Muvofiqi in nishondod, vazifai muhimtarini iqtisodii «Rohi nav»-i Ruzvelt az on iborat ast, ki tavassuti ba rafti takroristehsoli sarmoyadori dakholati qati kardan iqtisodi Amerika az buhroi barovarda shavad. ”Rohi nav”-i Ruzvelt ogozi ba hodisai do- imii hayoti iqtisodii Iyoloti Mugtahidai Amerika tabdil yoftani sar- moyai iihisori bud.
Qismi asosii tarkibii «Rohi Nav»-i Ruzvelt «Qonuni millii barqarorkunii Sa- noat» bud, ki on 16-umi iyuni soli 1933 ba hukmi qonun daro- mad. In qonun az 3 qismat ibo- rat ast. Dar qismati avvali QMBS chori namudani tan- zimi davlatii sanoat dar nazar doshta shuda bud. Ba hamai ittihodiyahoi sanoati peshnihod karda shud, ki ba- Rasmi 21. Joyhoi navi kori az ruyi roi khud «Qonuni vichdoni barnomai «Rohi nav» sohibkori»-ro tahiya namo- yand. Badi az tarafi prezidenti IMA tasdiq karda shudan «Qonuni vichdoni sohibkor» on hukmi qonuniro megirift. Dar in qonunho sha- roiti korkhona, hachmi istehsol, bozori molfurushi va andozai narkhi molho, ki az on past furukhtan mumkin nabud, inikos yoftand.
Qismati duyumi «Qonuni millii barqarorkunii sanoat» tamo- mi munosibathoi mehnatiro faro megirift. Moddai 7-umi QMBS muqarrar karda bud, ki sohibkoron hangomi tahiyai «Qonunhoi vichdon» haddi aqali muzdi mehnat va haddi nihoii tuli haftai kori- ro muayyan namoyand. In modda ba kormandoni korkhonaho baroi tasi- si ittifoqhoi kasaba va bo sohibkoron bastani ahdnomahoi kollekti- viro huquq medod.
Dar tanzimi munosibathoi mehnati Idorai millii mehnat vazifai muhimro ichro mekard. On mohi avgusti soli 1933 tasis yoft. Soli 1934 Kongress Idorai millii munosibathoi Mehnatiro tasis namud.
Qismati seyumi «Qonuni millii barqarorkunii sanoat» ba mas- alai bekori bakhshida shudaast. Kongress baroi amali namudani in qismati QMBS Mamuriyati korhoi chamiyatiro tasis dod, ki ba on vaziri korhoi dokhili G. Ikes rohbari mekard. Baroi ichroi Barnomai MKJ 3,6 mlrd. dollar chudo karda shud.
Gayr az chorahoi «Qonuni Millii Barqarorkunii Sanoat» hukumati Ruzvelt vositahoi digari yori ba bekoronro ham istifo- da meburd. Bahori soli 1933 baroi chavononi bekor tashkil kardani lagerhoi mehnati ogoz yoft. Hudi hamon vaqt Mamuriyati makhsusi yorii favquloda MMYOF tashkil karda shud, ki ba on G. Gopkins rohbari me- kard. MMYOF ba dodani ichorapuli ba iyolote, ki baroi muboriza bar ziddi bekori shuru namuda budand, mashgul bud. Mohi noyabri soli 1933 Mamuriyati korhoi shahrvandi tashkil karda shud. In idora be- koronro asosan dar fasli zimiston bo kori muvaqqati tamin mekard.
«Rohi nav»-i Ruzvelt «Qonun dar borai yori ba fermerho»-ro niz dar
bar megirift, ki 12-umi mayi soli 1933 qabul shudaast. Dar asosi in qonun davlat baroi az buhron baromadan ba khojagihoi fermery yorii moliyavi merasond.
Tatbiqi «Rohi nav»-i Ruzvelt na tanho iqtisodiyoti Amerikaro az domi buhron khalos kard, balki inchunin davlatro dar jahon ba joyi av- val barovard.
