Илмхона Комрон.инфо
Istilohi patent, hamchun hujjati muhofizatii obekt- hoi molikiyati sanoati, ki bo sanadhoi huquqii baynalmil- laly peshbini gardida, az jonibi qonunguzorii kishvarhoi ziyod etirof gardidaast, dar davroni sohibistiqlolii JT ahamiyati qonunii muhim va yagona hujjati muhofizatii mo- likiyati sanoatiro sohib gardid. Harchand, ki qonunguzorii davroni shuravi niz patentkunonii ikhtirootro ijozat me- dod, vale az on sabab, ki muallifon sohibii mutlaqi khudro baroi ba dast ovardani foida istifoda karda nametavoni- stand, navovarihoi tekhnikii ziyod khislati khizmati doshta, qonun patentkunonii onhoro ijozat namedod, inchunin hu- ququ imtiyozhoi beshtarro mahz shahodatnomai muallifi tamin menamud, muallifon ba shahodatnomai muallifi ma- roq zohir namuda, patent namegiriftand.
SHakli patentii muhofizati obekthoi molikiyati sa- noati ba muallif sohibii mutlaqro nisbati navovarii tekh- nikii ofaridaash dar hududi muhlati qonuni, inchunin im- koniyati bahrabardorii moddiro kafolat medihad. Muvofi- qi m. 4-umi qonuni JT dar borai ikhtiro, huquq 6a ikhtiro bo patent va yo nakhustpatent baroi ikhtiro tasdiq karda me- shavad, ki avvaliyat, muallifi va huquqi istisnoii istifo- dabarii ikhtiroro tasdiq mekunad.
Huquqi istisnoii dorandai patent khislati mutlaq, is- tisnoi va muhlatnokro doshta, bo qalamravi davlate, ki idorai patentii on hujjati mazkurro dodaast, mahdud me- gardad. Hislati mutlaq doshtani huquqi dorandai patent, hamai azoyoni jamiyatro baroi khuddori az istifodai bea- sosi obekti molikiyati sanoati uhdador menamoyad. Hisla- ti istisnoi, dodani du patentro ba yak obekti molikiyati sanoati man menamoyad. Muhlatnokii huquqhoi dorandai patent, amali huquqi istisnoii bo patent tasdiqshudaro bo vaqti muayyan mahdud menamoyad. Muvofiqi qonunguzorii JT amali patent az sanai avvaliyat ogoz gardida, nisbati ikhti- ro 20 sol va namunai sanoati 10 sol muqarrar gardidaast. Patent, hamchun hujjati muhofizati dar qalamravi kishva- re, ki az jonibi maqomi vakolatdori on doda shudaast, amal menamoyad. Dar holati zaruriyati hifzi ikhtiro dar qala- mravi kishvarhoi digar, bo rioyai rasmiyoti dar onho amal- kunanda, boyad patent girifta shavad.
Ba dorandai patent huquqi istisnoii tibqi salohdidi khud istifoda namudani obekti molikiyati sanoati taalluq dorad. Istifodabarii obekti molikiyati sanoati manoi ba muomiloti khojagi barovardani onhoro tavassuti tayyor namudan, istehsol namudan, tatbiq namudan, nigoh doshtan, furukhtan va gayraro dorad. Amalhoi nombarshuda, hamai imkoniyathoi ba muomilot barovardan nabuda, amalhoi di- gari qonuniro niz faro girifta metavonad.
Muvofiqi m. 26 qonuni JT dar borai ikhtiro, huquqi istisnoii istifodai ikhtiroi bo patent yo bo nakhustpatent hifzshavanda, az jumla, huquqi sokhtan, tatbiq namudan, vo- rid kardan, furukhtan, bo rohi digar ba gardishi khojagidori darovardan va yo bo in maqsad nigoh doshtani mahsulote, ki ikhtiroi bo patent yo bo nkhustpatent hifzshavandaro dar bar megirad, huquqi tatbiq namudani tarzi bo patent va yo bo na- khustpatent hifzshavanda, inchunin huquqi mani istifoda shudani ikhtiroi nombarshuda az jonibi shakhsoni digar, gayr az holathoe, ki inguna istifodabari muvofiqi hamin qonun vayron namudani huquqi istisnoii dorandai patent mahsub namegardad, ba dorandai patent taalluq dorad.
Ba gardishi khojagidori vorid namudan yo bo in maqsad nigoh doshtani mahsulote, ki bo istifodai bevositai tarzi patentnokshudai hosil kardani mahsulot istehsol shudaast, niz istifodai ikhtiroi bo patent yo bo nakhustpatent hifzsha- vanda hisob megardad.
Munosibathoi tarafhoro oid ba istifodai ikhtiroe, ki hujjati muhofizati ba yakchand shakhs taalluq dorad, sozish- nomai bayni onho muayyan mekunad. Hangomi nabudani chu- nin sozishnoma, har yak dorandai hujjati muhofizati ikhti- roi hifzshavandaro muvofiqi salohdidi khud istifoda bur- da metavonad, vale be rozigii dorandagoni digari patenti mazkur huquqi ba shakhsi digar dodani ijozatnoma va yo vogu- zor kardani huquqi istisnoiro (guzasht kardani patentro) nadorad.
Dorandai patent ba juz az huquqi istifodai obekti molikiyati sanoati, huquqi ikhtiyordorii onro niz dorad. Ikhtiyordori tavassuti ba shakhsi digar dodani ijozatnomai istifodabari, yo in ki guzashti huquqhoi patenti amali kar- da meshavad.
Ba shakhsoni digar dodani ijozatnomai istifodai ob- ekti molikiyati sanoati, tavassuti bastani shartnomai ijo- zatdihi (litsenzioni) ba amal barovarda meshavad. Muvofi- qi m. 27 qonuni JT dar borai ikhtiro, har kadom shakhse, ki dorandai patent nest, ba istifodai ikhtiroi bo hujjati mu- hofizati hifzshuda tanho bo ijozati dorandai patent, dar asosi shartnoma oid ba dodani ijozatnoma (litsenziya) huquq dorad. Muvofiqi chunin shartnoma dorandai patent (ijo- zatnomadeh) uhdador meshavad, ki huquqro baroi istifodai ikhtiroi hifzshuda dar hajmi bo shartnoma peshbinishuda ba shakhsi digar (ijozatnomagir), ki u uhdadorii ijro namuda- ni hamai amalhoi dar shartnoma peshbinishudaro ba zimmai khud megirad, dihad. SHartnomai ijozatnomadihi istisnoi va gayriistisnoi buda metavonad.
Dar holati peshnihodi ijozatnomai istisnoi huquqi istisnoii istifodai ikhtiro dar hududi bo shartnoma zikrshuda ba ijozatnomagir meguzarad. Huquqi istifodai qismi ikhtiro, ki ba ijozatnomagir doda nashudaast, dar ikhtiyori ijozatnomadeh memonad. Ijozatnomadeh dar holati ijozatnomai gayriistisnoi ba ijozatnomagir huquqi isti- fodai ikhtiroro doda istoda, hamai huquqhoero, ki hujjati muhofizati tasdiq mekunad, az jumla, huquqi ba shakhsoni seyum dodani ijozatnomahoro nigoh medorad.
Muqarraroti qonuni JT dar borai ikhtiro oid ba shartnomai ijozatnomadihi mahdud buda, az in ru ahamiyati muqarraroti umumii qonunguzorii grajdani dar barasmi- yatdarorii on muhim ast.
Muhlati amali shartnoma az muhlati amali patent besh- tar buda nametavonad. Mukofotpulii dorandai patentro tarafhoi shartnoma bo salohdidi khud muqarrar menamoyand. Dar amaliya, mukofotpulii dorandai patent bo rohi muayyan namudani pardokhti yakdafaina, yo in ki foiz az foida mu- qarrar karda meshavad. Qonunguzorii amalkunandai JT namudhoi makhsusi ijo- zatnomahoi kushoda va majburiro niz peshbini menamoyad. Dorandai patent metavonad ba Idorai patentii JT dar bo- rai ba har kadom shakhs doda shudani huquq baroi istifodai ikhtiro (ijozatnomai kushoda) darkhost dihad. Dar in holat andozai boj baroi nigoh doshtani etibori hujjati muho- fizati az soli badi nashri malumot oid ba mavjudiyati chunin darkhost 50 foiz kam karda meshavad. Dar holati boz- khondi ijozatnomai kushoda az tarafi dorandai patent boj baroi nigoh doshtani etibori hujjati muhofizati dar da- vomi vaqti amali ijozatnomai kushoda pardokhta nashuda, minbad in boj ba andozai purraash pardokhta meshavad. SHakhse, ki khohishi giriftani ijozatnomai kushodaro dorad, boyad bo dorandai patent dar borai pardokhtho shartnoma bandad. Bahshoi marbut ba bastani chunin shartnoma dar sud barrasi meshavand.
Muvofiqi m. 28 qonuni dar borai ikhtiro dorandai pa- tent vazifador ast, ki ikhtiroro istifoda barad. Hangomi dar davomi 5 soli badi ruzi nashri malumot oid ba do- dani hujjati muhofizati az tarafi dorandai patent isti- foda nashudan va yo ba darajai zaruri istifoda nashudani ikhtiro, shakhsi khohishi istifodai ikhtiroro doshta va ba in omodabuda, dar holati bo sharthoi muvofiq ba amaliyai muqarrargardida az imzoi shartnoma oid ba dodani ijozat- noma sarkashi namudani dorandai patent, metavonad ba sud bo arizai davogi dar borai ba vay dodani ijozatnomai majburi baroi istifodai ikhtiroi mazkur murojiat namoyad. Agar dorandai hujjati muhofizati isbot nakunad, ki isti- foda naburdan va yo ba darajai zaruri istifoda naburdani ikhtiro sababhoi uzrnok dorad, sud dar borai dodani ijo- zatnomai majburi qaror mebarorad. Hangomi qabuli qaror dar borai dodani ijozatnomai majburi sud boyad hududhoi istifodai ikhtiroero, ki hujjati muhofizatii on ba shakhsi digar taalluq dorad, dar hajme, ki baroi istifodai ikhti- roi patentnokshudai shakhsi digar (talabkunandai ijozatnomai majburi) zarur ast, inchunin andoza, muhlat va tartibi pardokhthoro muayyan namoyad. Ijozatnomai majburi ijozatnomai gayriistisnoi bu- da, ba shakhsi digar guzasht kardani on mumkin nest.
Bahshoe, ki dar natijai chunnn istifodabarii ikhtiro ba miyon meoyand, ba tariqi sudi hal karda meshavand. Ijo- zatnomai majburi boyad hatman dar Idorai patentii JT ba qayd girifta shavad va biduni baqaydgiri beetibor donis- ta meshavad.
Dorandai patent huquq dorad huquqi istisnoiyashro ba har kadom shakhsi voqei yo huquqi voguzor kunad (guzasht kar- dani patent). Dar farqiyat az dodani ijozatnomai istifo- dai obekti molikiyati sanoati, guzasht kardani patent manoi dar hajmi purra guzashtani huquqhoi patentiro do- rad. SHartnoma dar borai voguzor kardani huquqi istisnoi boyad dar Idorai patentii JT ba qayd girifta shavad va be chunin baqaydgiri beetibor donista meshavad.
Qonuni JT dar borai namunahoi sanoati amalhoi ze- rinro vayronkunii huquqi istisnoi ba namunai sanoati hi- sob namenamoyad: dar sokhtor va yo hangomi istifodai vosita- hoi naqliyoti (ruizamini, havoi va obi) mamlakathoi digar tatbiq namudani vasilahoe, ki namunahoi sanoatii patent- nokshudaro dar bar megirand, ba sharte ki vositahoi naqli- yoti nombarshuda muvaqqatan va yo tasodufan dar qalamravi JT boshand va baroi ehtiyojoti naqliyot istifoda burda sha- vand. In guna amalho dar on surat vayronkunii huquqi is- tisnoii dorandai patent hisob nameshavand, ki agar vosita- hoi naqliyot ba shakhsoni voqei va huquqii mamlakathoe, ki ba dorandagoni vositahoi naqliyoti JT hamin guna huquq- horo medihand, taalluq doshta boshand; guzaronidani tadqi- qotu tajribai ilmi az boloi vositahoe, ki namunahoi sano- atii patentnokshudaro dar bar megirand; hangomi ruy doda- ni hodisahoi favqulodda (ofathoi tabii, falokatho, sada- mahoi kalon) istifoda namudani vositahoe, ki namunahoi sanoatii bo patent hifzshavandaro dar bar megirand, bo pardokhtani jubroni andozaashmuvofiq ba dorandai patent; na baroi ba dast ovardani foida istifoda namudani vosi- tahoi namunahoi sanoatiro darbargiranda tatbiq namudan, baroi furush peshnihod namudan, furukhtan, vorid kardan va bo hamin maqsadho nigoh doshtani mahsulote, ki namunahoi sanoatii bo patent hifzshudaro dar bar megirad, agar in mahsulot bo rohi qonuni ba gardishi khojagi darovarda shuda boshad (m. 25 qonuni JT dar boran namunahoi sano- ati).
In holathoro mahdudiyati huquqhoi istisnoi niz meno- mand. Amalhoi mazkur naboyad istifodai mutadili paten- tro beasos khalaldor sokhta, manfiathoi qonunii dorandai patentro poymol kunand (m. 30 qonuni JT dar borai ikhti- ro).
Inchunin holathoi zerin niz vayronkunii huquqhoi do- randai patent hisob nameyoband. Har kadom shakhsi vokei va huquqie, ki to sanai avvaliyati ikhtiro novobasta ba mual- lifi on dar qalamravi JT aynan hamon ikhtiroro ofarida, istifoda burda boshad va yo baroi istifodai on tayyorihoi zaruri dida boshad, huquqi minbad be vase kardani hajmi istehsolot roygon istifoda burdani ikhtiroro nigoh me- dorad (huquqi istifodai peshin). Huquqi istifodai peshin mumkin ast ba shakhsi vokei va yo huquqi tanho yakjoya bo isteh- solote, ki dar on istifodai ikhtiroi hammonand joy dosht va yo tayyorihoi zaruri baroi on dida shudaand, doda shavad. Huquqi istifodai peshin khislati bemuzd dorad.
Amali patent bo muhlathoi qonuni mahdud gardida, az in lihoz, farorasii muhlat tarzi muqarrarii qat gardida- ni huquqhoi patenti hisob meyobad. Ammo qonuni JT dar bo- rai ikhtiro digar asoshoi qati huquqhoi patentiro niz peshbini namudaast. Muvofiqi m. 33 qonuni nomburda ama- li hujjati muhofizati dar holathoi zerin pesh az muhlat qat karda meshavad: dar asosi arizai ba Idorai patentii JT dodai dorandai patent; hangomi dar muddati muqarrar- shuda napardokhtani boji nigahdorii etibori hujjati mu- hofizati; hangomi hujjati muhofizatiro purra bsetibor donistan. Beetibor donistani patent bo asoshoi zerin imkonpa- zir ast: oshkor kardani nomuvofiqatii ikhtiro ba sharthoi patentpazirii dar m. 6 hamin Qonun muqarrargardida; dar formulai ikhtiro mavjud budani alomathoe, ki dar
Hujjati muhofizati dar tamomi muddati amalash az jonibi har kadom shakhs metavonad mavridi bahs qaror doda va yo purra yo qisman beetibor donista shavad Etirozi zid- di dodani hujjati muhofizati tibqi asoshoi zikrshuda ba SHuroi shikoyatii Idorai patentii JT doda meshavad va bo- yad dar davomi 6 mohi badi sanai vorid gardidani on bar- rasi shavad. Dar in surat dorandai patent boyad bo etiroz shinos karda shavad. Dar holati norozi budan bo qarori SHuroi shikoyati oid ba etiroze, ki dar asosi on hujjati muhofizati mavridi bahs qaror doda meshavad, har kadom az tarafho metavonad dar muddati 6 mohi badi sanai qabul karda shudani qaror ba sud murojiat namoyad.
Amali hujjati muhofizati, ki binobar dar muddati mu- qarrarshuda napardokhtani boji nigakhdorii etibori huj- jati muhofizati qat gardidaast, az rui darkhosti dorandai patent dar davomi 3 soli badi sanai ba okhir rasidani muh- lati pardokhti boji nigahdorii etibori hujjati muhofi- zati dar surati mavjud budani sababho uzrnok va peshnihod kardani hujjat dar borai pardokhta shudani boji barqaror- kunii amali patent mumkin ast, barqaror karda shavad.
