Tarkib va alomathoi nomi firmavi

Nomi firmavi kham- chun vositai fardikunonii ishtirokchiyoni muomiloti graj- dani doroi tarkibi murakkab dorad va az nomi shakhsoni voqei farq dorad. CHunone medonem, nomi shakhsi voqei az khu- di nom, nomi padar va nasab iborat ast (m. 20 KG). Sokhtori nomi firmavi chunin ast: asosi nomi firmavi (qismi asosi); izofai nomi firmavi (qismi ilovagi). Tasnifoti mazkur dar adabiyoti huquqi malum donista meshavad, ki joyi bahs nadorad. Tanho boyad onro durust dark namud. Zero qismi asosii nomi firmavi – khudi nomi makhsus ba qismi ilovagi dokhil shuda, zohiran chunin menamoyad, ki naqshi on duyumin- daraja ast. Vale maqsad az in tasnifot ahamiyati avvalinda- raja va yo duyumindarajai qismhoi nomi firmaviro nishon dodan nabuda, balki ishora ba on ast, ki qismi asosi asosi qablan muayyanshudai tamomi nomhoi firmaviro tashkil menamoyad (in asosi boetimodi, baroi tamomi shakhsoni hu- quqi vobasta ba shakli tashkiliyu huquq yakrang va noguzir buda, az khayoloti nomguzor vobasta nest, onro qonunguzor pe- shaki muayyan kardaast).

Dar qismi asosii nomi firmavi ishora ba shakli tash- kiliyu huquqi shakhsi huquqi, nav va digar tavsifoti on karda meshavad. Qobili zikr ast, ki ba manoi asli in malumot nomi firmaviro tashkil namedihand (dar har su- rat in masala bahsnok buda, asosnokkunii qismi ilovagi- ro boshad, dar doirai talaboti qonunguzor muayyan kardan mumkin ast. ilovagiro talab mekunad). Dar aksi khol dar qonunguzorii JT zarurat ba alohida nishon dodani malu- mot dar borai shakli tashkiliyu huquqi va nomi firmavi namemond. Va yo KG dar har mavrid takror namekard, ki nomi firmavi boyad shakli tashkiliyu huquqii in yo on shakhsi huquhoro dar bar girad. Masalan, dar q. 2 m. 94 KG omada- ast, ki nomi firmavii jamiyati doroi masuliyati mahdud boyad nomi jamiyat va iborai «doroi masuliyati mahdud»- ro doshta boshad. Durust muayyan kardani masalai mazkur ahamiyati kaloni amali dorad. Masalan, dar yak mahal ba hamon yak faoliyat du shakhsi huquqi bo nomi «Sakhovat» faoliyat dorand, tanho yakeash jamiyati sahomi va digarash jamiyati doroi masuliyati mahdud ast. Vobasta ba on, ki maqomoti huquqtatbikkunanda kadom mavqero ishgol meku- nand, du fikri mukholif paydo shuda metavonad: yake chunin amalro joiz medonad, digare vayronkory. Ba andeshai mo mavqei yakum durusttar ast.

Qismi duyumi nomi firmavi khudi nomi shakhsi huquqii tijoratiro dar bar girifta, mumkin ast dar navbati khud az du qism iborat gardad:

• qismi ilovagii hatmi. Doshtani on baroi tamomi shakhsoni huquqi hatmi ast. Masalan, dar nomi firmavii JDMM «Korvon», kalimai «Korvon» qismi ilovagii hatmi meboshad. Mahz hamin qism asosan tafovutro tamin meku- nad, vagarna dar hamon mahal ba hamon faoliyat mumkin ast dahho jamiyathoi doroi masuliyati mahdud faoliyat namoyand. Ba sifati chunin nom hama guna ifodahoi sharti, qismhoi khos, nomhoi jugrofi va gayra baromad karda meta- vonand;
• qismi ilovagii gayrihatmi. In qism az salohdidi khu- di shakhs vobasta buda, mumkin ast dar tarkibi nomi fir- mavi nishon doda shavad, mumkin ast ne. Masalan, JSK kom- binati ravganbarorii «Dusti».

Bo maqsadi tamini boetimod va gumroh nakardani istemolkunandagon, inchunin amalishavii nazorati duru- sti davlati zarur ast, ki nomi firmavi ba yak qator talabot javobguy boshad. In talabotro bazan chun prinsiphoi nomi firmavi va yo alomathoi on niz barrasi mekunand.

Dar natijai tahlili meyorhoi qonunguzorii amalku- nanda chunin talabotro nisbati nomi firmavi nishon dodan mumkin ast:

• nomi firmavi boyad ishora ba shakli tashkiliyu huquqi doshta boshad;
• nomi firmavi boyad voqei boshad. Voqei budani nomi firmavi boyad mahdud sharh doda shavad. Masalan, JDMM «Ganj» va yo JSK «Marvorid» hargiz manoi onro nadorad, ki in shakhsi huquqi bo ganju marvorid sarukor dorad. Vo- qeiyat boyad dar doirai talaboti qonunguzori boshad, masa- lan, shakli tashkiliyu huquqi, navi shakhsi huquqi – khususi yo

• nomi firmavi boyad nav boshad. Nav budani nomi fir- mavi manoi hatman asli va notakror budani nomro nado- rad. Sukhan dar borai qobiliyati tafovutguzorii shakhsoni huquqi va gumroh nakardani shakhsoni seyum meravad. Muvo- fiqi m. 34 Qonuni «Dar borai baqaydgirii davlatii shakh- soni huquqi va sohibkoroni infirodi» maqomoti anjomdi- handai baqaydgirii davlati huquq dorad, agar bo khudi hamon nom dar hududi JT shakhsi huquqii digar ba qayd gi- rifta shuda boshad, baqaydgirii davlatiro rad namoyad. Tatbiqi amalii on dar sharoiti nabudani imkoniyati tashkhisi hujjathoi tasisii shakhsi huquqi, nabudani Fehristi yagonai shakhsoni huquqi va manbai yagonai ittilo- oti dar hududi Tojikiston (dar digar davlatho on taraf istad) dushvor va imkonnopazir ast;
• istifodai nomi firmavi bemuhlat meboshad. Hango- mi tasisi shakhsi huquqi kati nomi on qaydu shart karda nameshavad. Ustuvorii nomi firmavi boisi ustuvorii ishtiroki on dar faoliyati sohibkori, noil shudan ba maqsadhoi khud buda, bo in vasila ustuvori va inkishofi mu- nosibathoi molumulki tamin karda meshavad. Dar surati tagyir yoftani shakli tashkiliyu huquqi va nomi firmavi ba Fehristi yagonai davlati niz boyad tagyiroti dakhldor vorid karda shavand (m. 26 Qonuni JT «Dar borai baqaydgirii davlatii shakhsoni huquqi va sohibkoroni infirodi»).

Tabiati ustuvori va bemuhlat budani nomi firmavi manoi onro nadorad, ki on abadi ast. Bo barhamkhurdani shakhsi huquqi va yo dar baze shaklhoi aznavtashkilyobii shakh- si huquqi huquq ba on qat megardad;

• nomi firmavi boyad bo zaboni davlati boshad (ba is- tisnoi nomhoi firmavie, ki to 1 iyuli s.2009 ba qayd gi- rifta shuda budand);
• ba nomi shakhsi huquqi dokhil kardani ishora ba nomi purra yo mukhtasari rasmi (nomi davlat), ba unsurhoi asnod yo mavodi reklamavii shakhsi huquqi dokhil kardani chunin nom yo unsurhoi ramzi davlati muvofiqi tartibi muayyannamudai Hukumati JT ijozat doda meshavad;

• nomi arboboni davlati, jamiyatiyu siyosi, muhofizo- ni Vatan, khodimoni ilm, maorif va farhang hangomi dar ha- yot budanashon ba korkhonaho, tashkilotu muassisaho doda nameshavad. Sukhan dar irtibot bo posdorii onho meravad, binobar in, az jonibi khudi onho va yo bo rozigii onho chunin nomguzori dar sokhtorhoi gayridavlati joiz ast;
• nomi firmavi nametavonad khilofi manfiathoi om- mavi va prinsiphoi insondustiyu akhloq (manaviyot) boshad (m. 3 va 10 KG);
• talaboti judogona nisbat ba shakhsoni huquqii alo- hida: nomi korkhonahoi vohidi davlati va dar holathoi pesh- bininamudai qonun tashkiloti digari tijorati boyad ishora ba khususiyati faoliyati shakhsi huquqiro doshta boshad; nomi (nomi rasmi) subekti faoliyati sugurtavi – shakhsi huquqi boyad kalimahoero, ki namudi faoliyati amalishavandaro darj menamoyand: «sugurta», «aznavsugurtakuni», «brokeri sugurtavi» yo iborahoi az chunin kalimaho hosilshudaro dosh- ta boshad; kalimahoi «tashkiloti qarzi», «bonk», «tashkilo- ti qarzii gayribonki» yo kalimahoi az onho ba vujud omada dar har shakle, ki naboshad, nametavonad nisbat ba faoli- yat yo khizmatrasoni be ijozatnomai BMT istifoda shavand, ba istisnoi chunin istifodabarie, ki muvofiqi qonun yo shartnomahoi baynalmilali muqarrar yo etirof shuda boshad yo dar matne, ki kalimayu iborahoi nombarshuda isti- foda shudaand, muayyan boshad, ki on faoliyati bonkiro dar nazar nadorad; namoyandagi kalimahoi «tashkiloti qarzi» yo kalimai «bonk»-ro dar nomi khud naboyad istifoda barad, ba gayr az holathoe, ki kalimahoi «tashkiloti qarzi» yo kali- mai «bonk» qismi judonopaziri nomi tashkiloti qarzi yo bonki khorijiero ifoda kunad, ki onho ba u taalluq dorand ba sharte, ki dar chunin holatho kalimai namoyandagi ilova karda shavad va gayra.