Tavsifi umumii elementhoi zerguruhi nitrogen

Nitrogen, fosfor, arsen, surma va vismut dar guruhchai asosii guruhi V joygirand. Dar qabati berunai sathi energetikii ato- mi elementhoi in zerguruh 5 elektron mavjud ast, ki dar hujraho bo konfiguratsiyai z²r³ joygir shudaand:

Dar poyon konfiguratsiyai elektronii atomi elementhoi guruhi ^A ovarda shudaast:

– 1z² 2 8² 2r³                                                          (davri 2)

₁₅R – 1z² 2z² 2r⁶ 38² 3r³                                                (davri 3)

₃₃A8 -18² 28² 2r⁶ 38² 3r⁶ 3y¹⁰ 48² 4r³                          (davri 4)

₅₁8 -18² 28² 2r⁶ 38² 3r⁶ 3y¹⁰ 48² 4r⁶ 4y¹⁰ 58² 5r³      (davri 5)

₈₃V^ -18² 28² 2r⁶ 38² 3r⁶ 3^¹⁰ 48² 4r⁶ 4y¹⁰ 4R⁴ 58² 5r⁶

5a¹⁰b8² 6r³                                                         (davri 6)

Qabati berunai onho 3 elektroni toqa dorad va binobar in dar holati asosy az 3 valenta budani on atomho guvohy medihad. Qabati berunai sathi energetikii nitrogen tanho az 28- va 2r- zerqabat iborat meboshad. Atomhoi boqimondai elementhoi in zerguruh dar qabati berunai sathi energetiki orbitalhoi kho- lii y-zerqabatro dorand. YAk 8-elektroni qabati berunai sathi energetikii in elementho (biduni N hangomi barangekhtashavi ba orbitalhoi kholii y-zerqabat guzarish karda, 5 elektronhoi toqaro hosil mekunand. Dar natija R, A§, 8 va V^ dar holati barangekhtagi doroi 5 elektroni toqa shuda, valenti in elementho ba 5 barobar meshavad.

Nitrogen, fosfor va arsen bo gidrogen payvastagii tipi KN₃ hosil mekunand, ki darajai oksidshaviashon ba -3 baro- bar ast. Az nitrogen to vismut radiusi atomho va ionhoi K^3- va K⁵⁺ ziyod shuda, elektromanfinokiashon kam meshavad. Hosiya- ti barqarorkunandagii atomho az N to V^ ziyod shuda, khosiyati oksidkunandagi sust meshavad. Formulai umumii oksidi olia- shon K.₂O₅ buda, darajai oksidshaviashon ba +5 barobar ast. Dar dokhili zerguruh khosiyati gayrimetalli az nitrogen to vismut sust shuda, khosiyati metalli meafzoyad. Fosfor, arsen va surma yakchand navhoi allotropi dorand.

1. Tagyiryobii khosiyati khimiyavii elementho dar guruhchai V A.

?sh____________________

1. Az kadom sabab N R, A§, 8 va dar guruhi UA jadvali davrii elementhoi khimiyavi joygir shudaand?
2. Formulai payvastagihoi oksigenii elementhoi guruhi 5A-ro navised va darajai oksidshavii onhoro dar alohidagi nishon dihed.
3. Tagyiryobii khosiyati khimiyavii elementhoi guruhi ^A-ro bayon ku- ned.