Asri XV ba boloravii sher va ziyod gardidani quvvahoi ejodi kharakternok ast. Dar ibtidoi asri XV doirai adabii Hirot qarib ki muqoisanashavanda meboshad. Badtar Bukhoro hamchun markazi adabiyotu quvvahoi adabi nufuz paydo namud. Hatto hokimi vaqt Amir Ubaydullohkhon dar barobari siyosatmadori shoir ham bud. U bo takhallusi «Ubaydi» ba zabonhoi tojiki va uzbeki sher meguft.
YAke az komyobihoi buzurgi in asr talifi chand tazkira ba shumor meravad, ki dar onho ham malumoti sharhiholii adibon, nomgui osor ovarda shuda, dar borai khususiyathoi ashor, tobishhoi hunariyu ejodi va maqomi on adibon dar zamoni khud va umuman dar tarikhi adabiyot bahsho surat giriftaand.
Tazkira khud lafzi arabi buda, zikru yodovari kardan, ba khotir ovardan meboshad. Dar istiloh asarest, ki dar on sharhi hol, namunahoi osor, khususiyathoi ejodi, tobishhoi hunarii ejodkoron zikr karda meshavad. Az in ru, tazkira yak navi bayoni afkori adabi-estetiki niz hast. Az in khotir, tazkiraho umumi va khususi meshavand.Tazkirahoi umumi oid ba ruzgoru osori shuaroi qabli va muosironi tazkiranavis malumot medihand.
Tazkirahoi khususi zindaginoma va osori adiboni muosirro dar bar megirand. Az ruyi prinsipi ejod niz tazkiraho gunogun meshavand: tazkirahoi alifboi, tarikhi, jugrofi, mazhabi va gayra.
Dar asri XVI, makhsusan tazkirahoi «Nuskhai zeboi Jahongir», «Tazkirat-ush-shuaro»-i Saidmuhammad Mutribii Samarqandi, ki mahsuli hamin asrand, arzishi farovoni adabi- ilmi doshta, baroi omuzishi adabiyoti tojik malumoti zaruri medihand. «Nuskhai zeboi Jahongir» ehdo ba hokimi Hinduston – SHoh Jahongir buda, soli 1625 talif shudaast. SHoir ba shahrhoi Balkh, Fayzobod, Kunduz, Kobul va gayra safar namuda, mavoddi zarury girdovary kardaast. Tazkirai «Nuskhai zeboi Jahongir» sharhi holu namunahoi ashori 292 nafar shoi- ri okhiri asri XVI va ogozi asri H^P-ro faro megirad, ki onho dar qalamravi Movarounnahru Huroson, Eron, Afgoniston va Hinduston zindagi va ejod kardaand.
Bo khohishi Jahongir ba tazkirai mazkur zindaginoma va namunahoi ashori 80 nafar adib, ki Jahongir khud jamovari namuda bud, dokhil karda shudaast.
«Tazkirat-ush-shuaro»-i Mutribi soli 1606 talif shuda, ba hokimi vaqt – Valimuhammadkhoni Ashtarkhoni bakhshida shudaast.
Mutribi dar ejodi in tazkira az «Majolis-un-nafois»-i Navoi va «Muzakkir-ul-ahbob»-i Nisori bahra bardoshtaast. Dar tazkirai mazkur oid ba 335 nafar adib malumot doda meshavad, ki onho muosironi tazkiranigorand. Az on jumla, dar borai 17 nafar hokim, ki onho ahli qalam niz budand, malumot doda meshavad.
«Tazkirat-ush-shuaro»-i Mutribi baroi omukhtani hayoti adabi va ruzgori adiboni nimai duyumi asri XVI va asri XVII az behtarin sarchashmahoi adabi ast, zero baze adibon tanho dar hamin tazkira zikr shudaand. Az jumla: Figori, Nozimi, Orifi, Afzali, Zardaki, Dusti va digaron. Az tarafi digar, tazkirai Mutribi baroi muayyan namudani qazovati ejodi bade, peshrafti afkori adabi – estetikii asrimiyonagi, daryofti asolati hunarii ejodkoron va gayra niz ahammiyati volo dorad.
Mutribi khud Samarqandi buda, solhoi tavalludu vafotash nomalum ast. Az takhallusi u paydost, ki dar jodai musiqi, saroyandagiyu navozandagi sohibi istedod budaast. U tahsilro dar Samarqand shuru namuda, badtar ba Bukhoro meravad. Dar in markazi farhangi az Hoja Hasani Nisori ilmi sheru shoiri meomuzad. Namunahoi ashori Mutribi dar «Tazkirat-ush-shuaro»-i u joy doda shudaast, ki az hunari balandu sanati voloi shoirii u guvohi medihand. Merosi mahfuzmondai adibro «Tazkirat-ush-shuaro», «Nuskhai zeboi Jahongir» va ashori mutafarriqai liriki tashkil namudaand.
Digar az tazkirahoi in asr «Muzakkir-ul-ahbob»-i Baho- uddin Hasan mutakhallis ba Nisory meboshad. Nisory tazkirai khudro soli 1566 talif namuda, onro ba hokimi vaqt – Iskandarkhoni SHayboni bakhshidaast. SHumorai shoiron dar nus- khahoi gunoguni tazkirai u mukhtalif qayd gardida, az 220, 275 to 450 nafar zikr shudaand. Albatta, in khud az borho tahriru takmil shudani tazkirai Nisori shahodat medihad. Muallif tazkirai khudro davomi tazkirai Mir Alisheri Navoi medonad. «Muzakkir-ul-ahbob» az nigohi sokhtu tarkib niz jolib ast: yane, on doroi muqaddima, chahor bob va khotima meboshad.
Dar tarikhi afkori adabi tazkirai Nisori yake az asarhoi baso arzishmand ast. Pesh az hama, in asar baroi omukhtani tarikhi adabiyoti asri XVI sarchashmai boetimod ba shumor meravad. Hatto tavassuti tazkirai mazkur bisyor adiboni gumnom oshkor megardand. Az tarafi digar, «Muzakkir-ul-ahbob» ruzgoru osori bisyor shuaroi guzashtavu muosiri Nisoriro faro megirad. Inchunin, adibone, ki ba «Tazkirat-ush-shuaro»-i Davlatshoh va «Majolis-un-nafois»-i Navoi dokhil nashudaand, Nisori onhoro dar asari khud joygir namudaast.
Digar az khususiyathoi tazkirai Nisori dar on ast, ki Hoja Hasan dar asari khud oid ba avzoi farhangii asr va tahavvuli adabiyoti davr ham malumoti arzishmandi ilmi medihad.
Digar az tazkirahoi muhim, ki talifi on ba adabiyoti ibtidoi asri XVII rost meoyad, «Tazkirai Nozimi Tabrezi» buda, soli 1627 talif shudaast. In tazkira az du bob (chahor fasl) iborat meboshad. «Tazkirai Nozimi Tabrezi» oid ba ruzgoru osori adiboni guzashta va ham oid ba ahli qalami zamoni khudi muallif malumot medihad. Sarfi nazar az baze norasoiho, tazkirai mazkur arzishi adabi – estetiki doshta, oid ba baze lahzahoi zindaginomai shuaro va khususiyati ashori onho bahs mekunad.
Tazkirai digar, ki soli 1601 talif shudaast, «Tazkirat-ut- tavorikh»-i Abdullohi Kobuli buda, dar on oid ba ruzgoru osori 197 adibi guzashtavu muosiri khudi tazkiranigor malumot doda shudaast. Az shumorai mazkuri shuaro 145 nafari onho adiboni asrhoi 1H-H^ buda, 52 tan adiboni okhiri asri XV va avvalhoi asri XVI meboshand, ki inhoro metavon hamasroni muallifi tazkira nomid.
Tazkirai Abdullohi Kobuly az on jihat ham muhim ast, ki tavassuti on khonanda doir ba ruzgoru osori 35 nafar adibi asri XVI malumoti toza paydo karda metavonad, ki dar tazkirahoi digar zikr nashudaand.
Bo vujudi baze akhbori takror, tazkirai Abdullohi Kobuly doroi arzishi khele voloi adaby – estetiki va ilmi meboshad.
Kame peshtar az tazkirahoi dar bolo nombarshuda, chand tazkirai digar niz ruyi kor omadaand, ki baroi omukhtani ruzgoru osori ejodkoroni asrimiyonagi malumoti nisbatan arzishmandi ilmi medihand. Az onho yake asari Abunasr Sommirzoi Safavi ast, ki bo nomi «Tuhfai Somi» soli 1560 ejod shudaast. In tazkira niz davomi «Majolis-un-nafois»-i Navoi buda, az muqaddima, haft bob va khotima iborat ast. «Tuhfai Somi» pesh az hama, az on jihat muhim ast, ki dar in asar sharhi holu namunahoi osori 713 shoir girdovari shudaast. In adibon dar okhirhoi asri XV va ibtidoi asri XVI zindagi va ejod kardaand. Onho muqimoni qalamravi Iroqi Ajam, Hurosonu Movarounnahr meboshand.
Dar in tazkira bayoni ruzgoru ashori besh az 50 shoire, ki dar tazkirai Navoi niz omadaand, bo malumoti tozavu mukammal ovarda shudaand.
Tazkirai «Tuhfai Somi» az nigohi ilmi niz khele arzishmand meboshad, zero dar on holati doirahoi adabi, ravobiti ejodii havzahoi adabi, sabqati ejodi va gayra khele khub bayon shudaast.
Sommirzoi Safavi – muallifi tazkirai «Tuhfai Somi» soli 1517 dar Tabrez ba dunyo omadaast. Padari u shoh Ismoili Safavi ast, ki solhoi 1502-1524 hukmroni kardaast. Sommirzo niz az in ru komilan ilmhoi zamonro az khud karda, chand muddat hokimi Hirot va Ozarboyjon ham budaast. Dar barobari siyosatmadori, u ejodkor niz budaastu az merosi adabiash dar hajmi 6 hazor bayt gazalu ruboi, mufradot va gayra ba yodgor mondaast.
Asari digare, ki dar nimai avvali asri XVI, daqiqan soli 1522 talif shudaast, «Tuhfat-ul-habib»-i Fakhrii Hiravi meboshad. In tazkira, pesh az hama, bo on khususiyati khud farq mekunad, ki dar on shoironi gazalsaro va asosan onhoe, ki gazalhoi javobiya ba ashori shoironi peshin guftaand, girdovari gardidaast. YAne, muosironi Fakhri shoironi okhiri asri XV va avvali asri XVI, ki gazalhoi javobiya ejod kardaand, dar tazkirai mazkur faroham ovarda shudaand. «Tuhfat-ul-habib»-i Fakhrii Hiravi doroi chahor majlis buda, oid ba ruzgoru osori 254 tan shoir malumoti zaruri medihad va az ashori onho namunaho meorad.
YAke az arzishmandtarin tazkirahoe, ki dar ogozi sadai XVII talif shudaast, «Muzakkir-ul-ashob»-i Muhammadbade Malehoi Samarqandi meboshad. In tazkira solhoi 1688-92 talif shuda, shomili du bakhsh: asosi va mulhaqot ast. Dar qismi asosii on oid ba 165 tan shoiri asri XVII, ki muosiri Malehoyand, malumot doda shudaast. Dar bakhshi mulhaqot Maleho oid ba 37 nafar shoiri javonu navqalam, ki ba qismati asosi dokhil nashudaand, malumot medihad.
Malumoti Maleho oid ba zindaginomai shoiron nisbatan mutamad ast, zero u bo har yak shoire, ki dar boraash ittilo medihad, vokhurdaast. Az tarafi digar, in tazkira tibqi alifbo tartib doda shudaast va az in ru, dar on shohu gado barobar ast. «Muzakkir-ul-ashob» az in jihat arzishi voloi adabi dorad va az jihati digar namunai nasri adabi – ilmii sadai mazkur ham ba shumor meravad.
Jihati farqkunandai digari tazkirai Maleho boz dar on ast, ki ba tariqi namuna ovardan az ashori shuaro u bo yak yo du bayt iktifo nakarda, to 60-70 bayt zikr menamoyad.
Umuman, tazkiraho az yak taraf, malumotnomai sharhiholii purarzish oid ba zindaginomai adibon medihand, az tarafi digar, oid ba husnu qubhi sanati sukhan va hunari ejodi ejodkoron, maqomu martabai onho bahs ba miyon meorand, ki in janbahoi ilmi – adabi doshtani onhoro tasdiq menamoyad.
Az in ru, tazkiraho yake az sarchashmahoi mutamadu arzish- mand baroi omukhtani tarikhi adabiyot niz meboshand.