USLUBI RUZNOMANIGORI (PUBLISISTI)

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Qarordod miyoni shash Hizbi siyosii Tojikiston dar mavridi tarzi raftor dar ravandi marakai intikhoboti par- lumoni az tarafi rohbaroni in ahzob ba imzo rasid va on jo in sanadro sarnavishtsoz va tarikhi arzyobi kardand.

Hususiyathoi umumii uslubi ruznomanigori:

Hadafi nigoranda: az ruydodhoi ruzmarrai hayoti siyosii dokhili kishvar ittilo dodan, goyaero talqin na- mudan, tasir rasonidan ba afkori omma va onro ba amale hidoyat kardan;

Dar borai yak hodisai tarikhi voqebinona khabar dodan;

Omezishi unsurhoi uslubhoi digar bo uslubi ruznomanigori (dar matni bolo istilohoti korguzorii rasmi: qarorDoD, sanaD; tarzi passivi ifoda: az tarafi… ba imzo rasid (na rahbaron ba imzo rasondand).

Hususiyathoi lugavi:

Istifodai istilohoti siyosiyu ijtimoi: hizbi siyosi, ahzob, intikhoboti parlumoni;

Tarkibu iborahoi ustuvor yo rekhta: hizbi siyosi, marakai intikhobot, ba imzo rasid, arzyobi kardand;

Tavsifoti toza: sarnavishtsoz va mamul: tarikhi;

Tahavvuloti lugavi: partiya – hizb, parlamenti – parlumoni.

Hususiyathoi grammatiki:

Bartarii hissahoi nomii nutq (khususan ismho) bar fel: az 19 kalimai mustaqilmanoi matni bolo ism – 9, sifat – 3, fel – 2, jonishin – 2, shumora – 1;

Istifodai beshtari peshoyandhoi tarkibi va nomi: dar mavridi, az tarafi, miyoni;

Bartarii jumlahoi khabari bar amri, khitobi, savoli. Dar on matn matlab bo yak jumlai murakkabi payvasti payvandakdori khabari ifoda yoftaast;

Jumla bo iborai ismii qarordod dar mavridi tarzi raftor dar ravandi marakai intikhoboti parlumoni tafsil yoftaast, ki on 10 kalimaro dar bar megirad;

Tahavvulot dar unsurhoi shakliyu vositahoi gramma- tiki: hizbho – ahzob, ba joyi peshoyandi tarkibii ma- muli dar borai kor farmudani peshoyandi tarkibii kamistemoli dar mavridi.

Tarzi bayoni fikr: yakrang, kamtasir. Jumlai murakkabi khele tafsilyofta ba oson fahmidani matlab khalal merasonad.

Azbaski mavodi rasonaho bazan ba tarzi tajili ba chop omoda karda meshavad, goh-goh galathoi imloi, alomati kito- bat, istemoli kalima, jumlabandi ruy medihand. Az jumla, dar iborai shash Hizbi siyosi kalimai hizb juzi ismi khosi tarkibi nest, binobar in boyad bo harfi khurd navishta shavad (shash hizbi siyosi); ishorajonishini onjo judo navishta mesha- vad: on jo.

Matni zerinro bo matni bolo muqoisa namuda muayyan kuned, ki bayni onho az lihozi mavzu, mundarija, janr, khususi- yathoi uslubii lugaviyu grammatiki chi umumiyatu tafovut vujud dorad. Matnro dar raviyai bolo khatti tahlil kuned.

Az jihati zakhirai obi nushoki Rusiya dar dunyo dar joyi duyum, Tojikiston dar joyi seyum ast. Tasavvur namoed du davlatro, ki dar yake beshtar az 140 million aholi va kishvari

khurdakaki kuhistonro, ki dar on hamagi beshtar az 7 million aholi (kamtar az sokinoni shahri Maskav) zindagi mekunad. CHi tazodi ajibest, ki dar chunin kishvari dorotarini(3) obi nushoki, mardum ba obi toza ehtiyoj dorand? Oyo ayb dar khudi mo nest, ki az beparvoi va beetinoii khud ba qadri in bebaho- tarin(3) nemati tabiat namerasem?

Betarafiro Deyl Karnegi(1) barhaq razolati ruh nomi- da bud, zero munosibati beetinoyona(2) ba sarvathoi tabiii kishvari khud metavonad dar intiho ba fojiae ovarda rasonad, ki naberavu aberagoni mo az hama chiz mahrum monand.

Az azal tojikon obro mujizai tabiat mehisobidandu muqaddas medoshtand. Kase jurat namekard, bo obi ravoni nushoki dastu ruy shuyad. Obro ba kuza girifta, durtar az juyu havzho meburdand, to qatrae az obi iflos ba nazdikii juybor narezad.(4) Manzarai imruzai mo chi guna ast? Obi pokizai kanalu juyborho, ki chun dar raghoi khunguzari jismi zindai shahr solhoi sol jori bud, imruz baroi mahallahoi seraholii shahr va girdu atrofi on partovgoh(2) shudaast. Ammo har chiz va har amal intiho dorad. Agar mo ba Zamin – modari muqad- das chunin beshafqat boshem, dar on hej guna sarvat va nemat boqi nakhohad mond. Hatto hayot ham.

^g?! 1) Dar matn chi khususiyati uslubi ruznomanigori (dar hadafi nigoranda, intikhobi kalimayu istilohot, qolabhoi nahvi, vositahoi muassiri ifodai fikr) mushohida meshavad?

Sarkhathoro (abzatshoro) chi bo ham aloqamand va chi az ham judo mekunad?

Ifodahoi razolati ruh, raghoi khunguzari jismi zindai shahr, Zamin – moDari muqaDDas chi guna vohidi zabonand?

Jumlahoi savoli chi vazifai uslubiro ado mekunand?

Dar borai hamin mavzu shumo chi andesha dored? Dar hajmi du sahifai daftar inshoi mukhtasar navised.

Manoi vojai publika shunavanda yo binanda buda, publisistika (publisistika) adabiyoti ilmii siyosiyu ijtimoi doir ba masalahoi dogi ruz ast. Uslubi bayoni ruznomanigori yo publisisti ba tarzi khatti va shifohi jarayon megirad. Habaru maqolahoi gunogun dar nashriyaho, dasturhoi targibot (inchunin matnhoi qablan tahiyashudai sukhanronii guyandagoni radioyu televizion) ba tariqi navishtor, vale sukhanoni tashviqgaron dar jamomadu hamoishho, musohibahoi mukhbironi radioyu televizion bo shakhsoni gunogun ba tarzi shifohi voqe megardad.

Maqsadi publisistika az ruydodhoi dokhiliyu khoriji zud voqif namudani khonandagon, shunavandagonu binandagoni radioyu televizion, targibi goyahoi peshqadami zamona, voqebinona baho dodan ba hodisavu voqeahoi ruzmarrai ijtimoiyu siyosi, iqtisodiyu farhangi, bedor namudani hissi tarahhum ba padidahoi matlub yo hissi nafrat ba voqeahoi nomatlub, ba tadbirjuyi va amal vodor namudani jomea ast. Hamin hadaf du vazifai asosii uslubi ruznomanigoriro muqarrar menamoyad: khabar dodan va tasir rasondan.

Dar adoi vazifai avval istifodai kalimayu istilohoti siyosiyu ijtimoi, tarkibu ifodahoi mamul (standarti), yakrangii ifodai fikr, farovonii faktu raqamho mushohida meshavad.

Agar dar mavodi khabari az kor farmudani vositahoi muassiri lugavi, frazeologi, kalimasozi, iboravu jum- labandi khuddori karda shavad, dar ocherk, lavha, pamflet, feleton doirai istemoli sarvathoi lugavii zabon khele vase gardida, barobari kalimahoi umumiistemol va mutadilmano chunin unsurhoi lugavi ham kor farmuda meshavand, ki oburangi uslubiyu hissi va khususiyati ifodanoki dorand. Az in lihoz mavodi khabarii rasonaho ba uslubhoi rasmiyu ilmi qarobat paydo kunad, zaboni janrhoi mazkuri jurnalistika ba uslubi badei shabohat zohir menamoyad.

Dar uslubi bayoni publisisti lugathoi siyosiyu ijtimoi, kalimayu istilohoti khosi odobu akhloqi jomea, sohahoi mukhtalifi iqtisodiyot, maorif, ilmu farhang ba tarzi faro- von kor farmuda meshavand. Unsurhoi lugaviyu frazeologi vobasta ba talaboti janrhoi publisistika intikhob va iste- mol megardand. Az tarkibi lugavii mavodi nashriya, radio va televizion ayon megardad, ki on ba kadom mavzui hayoti jomea bakhshida shudaast.

M a t n:

Fasli ajibi sol – tiramohi zarrin faro rasida. Hushbakh- tona, tabiat hanuz nozu nuz namekunad. Hurshed narmu garm nur meposhad va barghoi tillorangi darakhton zeri poyi oda- mon parida, qolin gashta nashai tamoshoro fuzuntar meku- nad. Parchami istiqlol boloi Qasri prezidenti jilvagar ast. Odamon khiromon ba maydon, ba suyi majmaai Ismoili So- moni ravonand.

Abarmardi millat ba mardum bo didai khirad menigarad. Zarrintoji tojikon, ki dar balandii balandiho ustuvor ast, az nuri torahoi oftob durakhshi tozae paydo karda dida meba- rad, dil meraboyad…

Bale, Vatan boz libosi idona dar bar kardaast. Vay dar in ruzho bo iftikhori khosae jashni Konstitutsiyai navini moro mutantan khotirnishon mekunad, ki dar hayoti siyosii kishvar voqeai muhim va faromushnoshudanist. Ore, kitobi bakhti mo, Sarqonuni mo, ki dar ogoz ba bahsu taloshho duchor gashta bud, badi mulohizahoi oqilona va odilona az jonibi mardumi mamlakat bo raypursii umumikhalqi yakdilona pazirufta shud.

Har nuktai in maromnomai mo ifodagari orzuvu omoli khalq ast va moro ba suyi piruzihoi nav hidoyat mekunad. Dar on kalimai «istiqlol» bo hurufi zarrin va khono sabt gardi- da, muhimtarin hadafi jomeai mo – bunyodi davlati sohib- istiqloli demokrati, huquqbunyod va dunyavi ifoda yoftaast…

Biyoed, azizon, in qutbnamoi kheshro ruyi kaf nihoda, di- dai purmehr ba Nishoni zarrintoji tojikon dukhta, bo ovo- zi baland Surudi milliro suruda, zeri Parchami istiqlol hamrohi farzandoni farzonai millatamon bo dili pur, sari baland, laboni purkhanda ba suyi idgoh bishitobem.

Hususiyati lugavi:

Istilohoti siyosi, ijtimoi va farhangi: istiqlol, Qas ri prezidenti, majmaa, konstitutsiya, hayoti siyosi, raypursii umumikhalqi, davlati demokrati, huquqbunyod va dunyavi, Nishon, Parcham, Surudi milli.

Kalimahoi adabii kitobi: khurshed, durakhsh, rabudan, jilvagar budan, abarmard, navin, mutantan, paziruf- ta shudan, maromnoma, ifodagar, piruziho, purmehr, zarrintoj.

Kalimahoi iqtibosi: nasha, majmaa, mutantan, prezi den ti, konstitutsiya.

Kalimayu ifodahoi rekhtai mardumi: nozu nuz kardan, libosi idona, talosh, dili pur, sari baland.

Vohidhoi frazeologi: didaro burdan, dilro rabudan, dida dukhtan.

Iborahoi rekhtai khosi uslubhoi rasmi va ruznomani- gori: raypursii umumikhalqi, bo hurufi zarrin sabt shudan, davlati demokrati, huquqbunyod va dunyavi, Su- rudi milli.

Ifodahoi majozi: tiramohi zarrin, tabiat nozu nuz namekunad, barghoi tillorang, bargho qolin gashta, Parchami istiqlol, didai khirad, nuri torhoi oftob, Vatan libosi idona dar bar kardaast, kitobi bakht, didai purmehr.

Tavsifot: zarrin, tillorang, abarmardi millat, zarrin toj, purmehr, farzona.

Imkonoti uslubii khususiyathoi manoii kalima:

Murodifot: zarrin // tillorang, khurshed // oftob, nur // durakhsh, konstitutsiya // sarqonun (kitobi bakht // ma- romnoma // qutbnamo), orzuyu omol.

Kalimahoi nazdiktalaffuz: nozu nuz, garmu narm, oqi- lona va odilona, farzandi farzona.

Kalimasozi: zarr-in, tillo-rang, javlon-gar, abar- mard, zarr-in-toj, nav-in, faromush-no-shud-an-i, sar-qonun, ray-purs-i, umum-i-khalq-i, yak-dil-ona, oqil-ona, odil-ona, id- goh.

Unsurhoi nahvi:

Vohidhoi istisnoi: fasli ajibi sol – tiramohi zar- rin; ba mayDon – ba suyi majmaa; kitobi bakhti mo – Sarqonuni mo; muhimtarin hadafi jomeai mo – bunyo- Di Davlati sohibistiqloli Demokrati, huquqbunyoD va dun yavi.

Tarzi passivi ifoda: az tarafi… pazirufta shuD.

Bartari doshtani jumlahoi sodda bar jumlahoi murak- kab (8 -5).

Beshtar bo jumlahoi dutarkibai tafsili ifoda yoftani fikr.

Az du ziyoda juzhoro (jumlahoi sodaro) dar bar nagi- riftani jumlahoi murakkab.

Bartari doshtani jumlahoi khabari bar amri, savoli va khitobi.

Bo hissachahoi tasdiqi ogoz yoftani sarkhat yo jumla bo maqsadi takid.

Kalimayu iborahoi zerinro az ruyi mavzu va mundarijai matnhoe, ki az onho girifta shudaand (chunonchi, kalimayu istilohoti siyosiyu ijtimoi, varzish, naqliyot va gayra), judo kuned. Bo kalimayu istilohoti judogona mutobiqi tanosubi manoiashon iboraho so- zed.

Qaror, elomiya, suzishvori, kubok, ijlosiya, musofir, mikroavtobus, alohazrat, varzish, korshinoson, istgoh, boks, ronandaho, prezident, sozmoni baynalkhalqi, naqliyot, proble- mai globali, basketbol, benzin, khati sayr, rohkiro, sarvari davlat, payomi shodbosh, dastai muntakhab, tennisi ruyi miz, korkhonai vohidi davlati, ravandi integratsioni, terrorizm, tahkimi sulh, dovar, qochoqi mavodi mukhaddir, holati nobo- zi, ekstremizmi mojarojuyona, pulchin, gaz, zarbai jarimavi, korkhonai avtomobilsozi.

Dar zaboni rasonahoi khabari dar natijai bisyor takror shuda- ni yak miqdor sifathoi manavii shakhs, alomathoi ashyo, amalu holat ba tavsifoti doimi tabdil meyoband: dehqoni asil, pukh- takor, chashmikordon, mehnatqarin, khokposh…; …jashnro bo tuh- fahoi arzanda (dastovezhoi mehnati) peshvoz giriftan; …yago- nakuniro sarivaqt va bo sifati baland anjom dodan va gayra. Dar jumlahoi zerin ba joyi senuqta kalimahoi mamuli zabo- ni matbuotro navised.

Dar natijai mehnati … mardi dehqon hosili… ruyoni- da shud; Mehnatdustoni khojagi shudgori tiramohiro … va . anjom doda, baroi ba dast ovardani hosili. zaminai. guzoshtand; Onho dar orostani khirmani. tilloi safed sah- mi. guzoshtand; Zarkoron . mehnat karda, hosili. ashon- ro . va . jamovari namuda, ba qavli khud . vafo kardand. Mekhanik-ronandagoni. . mehnat karda, ijroi naqsharo . tamin namudand.

! Dar uslubi bayoni ruznomanigori yak miqdor tarkibu iborahoi feli, az qabili tashrif ovardan, sozmon dodan, iftitoh yoftan, intiqol yoftan, talosh varzidan, izhori nigaroni kardan, ba tasvib rasonidan, tajdidi nazar kardan, ba imzo rasidan, ba vuqu payvastan, talafoti joni DoDan, arzi vujuD namuDan, mavriDi… qaror DoDan, ba hukmi…

DaromaDan, sharoiti… faroham ovarDan, Dastrasi… qaror dodan, ba chize tahkim bakhshidan, ba chize muvojeh shudan, .ro arzyobi kardan, .ro sozmon dodan va gayra chun tarkibhoi rekhta bisyor kor farmuda meshavand. YAk qismi chunin tarkibu iboraho felhoi marufi hammano dorand: kushish ba kharj DoDan – kushish karDan, rahbariro ba amal barovarDan – rahbari karDan, ijroi (naqsharo) tamin namuDan – (naqsharo) ijro kardan.

Majmuai ashori Mutabari Rashti bo nomi «Huni shabnam» dar dastrasii dustdoroni kalomi mavzun qaror girift; CHi naqshai nav shumoro farogir ast?

CHunin tarkibhoi rekhta, az yak taraf, kori ruznomanigorro oson mekunand, zero bunyodi jumla (tarkibi khabar) tayyor ast, faqat dalelhoro jo ba jo guzoshtan kofist, vale, az tarafi digar, ifodai fikr qolabi va yak daraja suni mebaroyad. Binobar in hamesha yak qolabro korbast nakarda, az rohhoi gunoguni bayoni matlab foida burdan behtar ast: piyoda karDani maqsaD – amali karDani maqsaD, joni khuDro az Dast DoD – halok shuD yo ba halokat rasiD va gayra.

Bo vohidhoi frazeologii zerin jumlaho sozed:

Az uhdai kore baromadan (nabaromadan), araqi jabin rekh- tan, kamari himmat bastan, ba marra rasidan, sahmi khudro guzoshtan, ahamiyati kalon doshtan, nuqtai nazar, rol (naqsh) bozidan, sadamai naqliyot, mavodi mukhaddir, pasi sar kardan, bozdid ba amal ovardan, chashmi korro donistan (nadonistan), jomai amal pushidan, ba ahdi khud vafo kardan.

Porchaero az maqolai Saidrizo Alizoda, ki dar yake az nashriya- hoi nakhustini tojiki – majallai «Oina» (soli 1913) chop shuda bud, mutolia kuned va bigued, ki dar on mavqe va ruhiyai ni- goranda to chi andoza ravshan va barjasta ifoda gardidaast va ba «man»-i ruznomanigori imruza chi umumiyat dorad; dar matn chi guna kalimayu istilohoti siyosi, ijtimoi va farhangi duchor omadand, ki tagyiri mano kardaand yo az istemol ta- moman baromadaand. Nazari khudro doir ba andeshahoi yak asr muqaddam bayonkardai muallifi maqola mukhtasar navised.

Solho ast, ki musulmononi soiri mamlakat darajai lu- zum va ahamiyati makotibi jadidaro donista, foida va man- fiathoi onro fahmida, dar har shahru qariyaho doir namuda, ruz ba ruz ba takmili onho mekushand, ammo mo, musulmononi Turkiston, na in ki madoris va makotibi jadida tasis mena- moem, balki onhoro hanuz bidat va harom meshumorem. Name- donam, mo, musulmononi Turkistonro, chi shuda(4). Bo vujudi in ki dar har soat va daqiqa natijahoi badu hammi in beil- mi va oshno ba muqtazoi zamona nabudani khudro mebinem va

mefahmem, boz mutanbeh va hushyor namegardem(4). Ey baroda- roni turkistoni! Ey hamvatanoni aziz! Gaflat to kay? Jaho- lat to chand? SHumoro ba haqqi islomiyat, ki durust mulohiza namoed: zamone ki Samarqand va atrofash ziyoda bar 150 000 nufuzro dorost, az musulmonon chand nafar tojir va savdogar, chi qadar magozachi(2) va kantur dorad? Kujo monda duktur(1), muallim, muhandis(5), munshi(5) va gayra, ki baroi maishati mo monandi obu non lozim ast? Bale! Gado, darvesh, qalandar, buzbala, javon, duzd… hazoron-hazoron mavjudand!

Kandur – kantora, korkhonai shakhsi

Muhandis – injener

Munshi – kotib, korguzor Buzbala – bekoragard, mushtzur

Javon – badakhloq

?! 1) Dar muqoisai in matn bo matni bolo dar zaboni adabii imru- za chi tahavvuloti lugavi, manoi va grammatiki ba miyon omada- ast?

Kadom mushkiloti jomeai onruza nigorandaro ba shur ovar- daast?

Muallifi maqola baroi muassir ifoda kardani fikr az ka- dom imkonoti uslubii lugaviyu nahvii zabon foida burdaast?

Feli mulohiza namudan az murodifhoi digarash (fikr, an- desha va taammul kardan) bo kadom tobishi mano farq meku- nad?

Az mavodi ruznomaho matnero dar mavzui maktabu maorif intikhob namuda, ba daftaraton navised va onro bo matni bolo muqoisa kuned va muayyan namoed, ki dar zaboni matbuoti imru- za chi digarguni ba vujud omadaast.

Matni zerin az matnhoi bolo chi farq dorad? Nigoranda tan- burro chi tarz tavsif mekunad? Magar on bo tafsiri manoi kalimai tanbur dar qomusu lugatnomaho yakguna ast? SHarhi yak-du lugatro ba daftar navishta, khatti ezoh dihed, ki tafovu- ti in matn az sharhi lugatnomaho dar chist.

Navoi tanbur… Tanbur dar dasti mutribi chiradast navo namekunad, menolad, faryod mezanad. U guyo olamu odamro fa- romush karda, dar madori navo, dar fazoi sado parvoz dorad. Tanbur menoladu hikoyat mekunad az guzashtagon, az ruzgoroni talkhu shirini niyogon.

Tanburi guyo na ba torhoi tanbur, balki ba torhoi dili khud nokhun mezanad. Ruhu ravon ba navo meoyad, tamomi hastii inson ba torho hamnavo megardad. Ruhnavoz ast navoi tanbur, dilnavoz ast sadoi tanbur.

CHi tanbur? Nakhle chun bori u, Ragu reshai bekhudi tori u. Nihon andalebe ba har tori u, Zi mizrob gul karda minqori u.

CHi sehre dorad sadoi tanbur? Ajib on ast, ki tamomi «SHashmaqom» dar pardahoi tanbur jo girifta. Hama maqomu ohangho ba vasilai ovozi tanbur arzi vujud namuda, bo sozi on ogozu anjom meyoband.

Hasani Kavkabi dar «Risolai musiqi» meguyad:

«Tanbur sozest qadim. Tanbura dar zaboni pahlavi az juzhoi tan – Dil va bura – kharoshiDan sokhta shuda, yane Dil- kharosh».

Ore, bo chunin sado, bo chunin navo boyad tanburro sozi dil- kharosh nomid (SH.H.).

Kalimahoi tanbur, tanburi, soz, ohang, navo, mizrob, parDa, mutrib, chiraDast, maqom, shashmaqom, mushkilot bo hamdigar chi robitai manoi dorand va dar sokhtori matn chi vazifaro ado kardaand?

Kalimahoi tanbur, navo, sado, ovoz va gayra az chi sabab bisyor takror shudaand?

Ifodahoi «ba torhoi tanbur nokhun zadan» va «ba torhoi dil nokhun zadan» chi guna munosibati manoi dorand?

CHaro dar dokhili jumla joyi baze azoho tagyir yoftaast?

! Az matni bolo ayon ast, ki dar in raviyai uslubi publisisti vositahoi muassiri lugavi, frazeologi va nahvi, sanathoi manavi va lafzii sukhan, az qabili tavsif (chiradast, dilnavoz, ruhnavoz), majoz, tashbeh (Tanburi guyo ba torhoi dili khud nokhun mezad), muboliga, tajnis, takror, savoli ritoriki (CHi tanbur? CHi sehre dorad sadoi tanbur?), nidoi ritoriki, tagyir dodani joyi muqarrarii azohoi jumla (inversiya: Tanbur… hikoyat mekunaD az guzashtagon), istifodai kalimavu tarkibhoi hamqofiya (olamu odam, dar madori navo, dar fazoi sado, ruhnavoz. dilnavoz), iboravu jumlahoi hamvaznu hamsokht (parallelizm: Ruhnavoz ast navoi tanbur, dilnavoz ast sadoi tanbur), tasdiq yo inkor (Ore,… tanburro boyad sozi dilkharosh nomid) va gayra ba kor burda meshavand.

Ruznomanigoron kushish mekunand, ki hatto dar khabaru maqolaho ham sukhanoni toza va qolabhoi gunoguni nahviro ba kor burda, ba tarzi bayoni yakrangu dilgirkunanda yak nav tozagi bakhshand. CHunonchi, ba joyi kalimai dehqon zarkor yo mardi dehqon, ba joyi kalimai tuhfa dastovezhoi mehnati, ba joyi khabar dodan mujda rasonidan, ba joyi kushish kardan talosh varzidan, ba joyi ronandai moshini pakhtachin kapitani kishtii kabud va gayra kor mefarmoyand. Vale chunin kalimayu iborahoi «baohar» ham dar natijai az had ziyod takror kardan tarovati khudro az dast doda, ba tabirhoi muqarrarii ruznomagi tabdil meyoband, chunon ki tilloi safed ham yak vaqtho ifodai taru toza ba shumor meraft, holo murodifi odii kalimai pakhta gardidaast.

Uslubi bayoni ruznomanigori aslan takalluf va sukhanpardoziro nameparvarad, zero sukhanoroii bezarurat dar janrhoi khabari ba oson va ravshan dark namudani asli maqsad khalal merasonad: Onho (dehqonon) bo dasht panja ba panja darafkanda nusrat az payi nusrat ba dast meovarand. Manoi feli darafkandan andokhtan, rekhtan, berun kardan, afshondan, poshidan buda, bo kalimai panja hej guna munosibati manoi nadorad. Tabiri nusrat az payi nusrat ba dast ovardan ham ifodai tabii nest, chunki odatan galaba az payi galaba ba dast ovardan meguyand.

Matni zerin az lihozi mavzu, muhtavo va tarzi bayon ba kadom janri ruznomanigori taalluq dorad? SHoyad badi mutoliai on shumoro ham vodor kunad, ki qalam ba dast girifta, dar borai hofize, ki sheftai surudhoyash hasted, chize binavised.

Surudi vopasini Borbadi soni

Mohi apreli soli 1990 dar jumhuri 1400-solagii khunyoga- ri mumtoz – Borbadi Marvaziro jashn megiriftand. Ahmad Boboqulov bemor bud. Surudkhoniro baroyash qatiyan man kar- dand, zero chande peshtar saktai dilro az sar guzaronida bud. Bo vujudi in mekhost, ki yak navbat surud khonad. Se nafar: Ah- mad Boboqulov, Asadullo Atovulloev va Burhon Mamadqulov dar sahna “Taronai bayot”-ro surudand. Hangomi surudkhoni uro du nafar dar bayn doshta meistodand. On vaqt u bazur az joy mejunbid. Harchand khele mushkil va khavfnok bud, bo no- tai az hama baland mesaroyid. Sadoi shurangezi u guyo az qa- ri dilash barmekhost. Gumon mekarded, tamomi nerui ruhonivu jismoniashro baroi surudi vopasinash bedareg sarf mekard…

Badi du hafta az khuruji saktai qalb in Borbadi soni dar sinni 59-solagi az olami ravshan abadi chashm pushid.

Habarhoi mukhtasari ruznomaviro mutolia kuned, unsurhoi lugaviyu grammatikii khosi uslubi bayoni ruznomanigoriro (dar khabar) muayyan kuned. Hissahoi nomi va feliro ba daftar na- vised va sharh dihed, ki kadomi onho dar khabar bartari dorad.

Kuprukhoi Panjakent barqaror shudand

Ba munosibati Idi saidi Fitr sokinoni dehoti YOri va Kosataroshi nohiyai Panjakent sazovori tuhfai munosib gar- didand. Kuprukhoi dehai Veshist va Kosatarosh, ki bar asari ofati tabii az bayn rafta budand, bo mablagguzorii Vazora- ti naqliyoti Jumhurii Tojikiston (1 mln. 78 hazoru 228 so- moni) barqaror shudand.

Korhoi sokhtmoniro dar kupruki Veshist kormandoni Mu- assisai davlatii nigohdorii rohhoi avtomobilgardi shahri Panjakent ba ijro rasonidand. Bozsozii kupruki dehai Kosatarosh mushkiloti ziyoda az 40 hazor shahrvandi dehoti Kosatarosh, SHing, Mogiyon va Farobro oson namud.

Nerugohi khurd mushkilro oson kard

Dar dehai SHulduri dehoti YAsmani nohiyai Rasht bo iq- domi sohibkoroni mahalli Davlat Aslonov, Rajab Ahmadov, Sulton Bobiev va bo dastgirii sokinoni deha ba mablagi 25 hazor somoni nerugohi khurdi barqi obi sokhta, ba istifoda doda shud. Iqtidori nerugohi nomburda 37 kvt\soat buda, 40 oilaro bo barq purra tamin menamoyad. Bo sharofati in iq- domi khayr in oilaho imkoniyat paydo namudand, ki tamomi fasli sol az quvvai barqi khudi istifoda barand.

Bo dilu didai bedor…

Bo ibtikori(5) Hukumati shahri Hujand, shirkati televi- zioni jamiyatii SM-1 va haftavori «Sugd» bakhshida ba shastsolagii(6) mavludi(5) shoiri zindayod Loiq SHerali dar qahvakhonai «SHirinsaroy»(5) mahfile bo unvoni «Bo dilu didai bedor…» barguzor shud.

Barandai(5) mahfil Saidumron Saidzoda nakhust rishtai sukhanro ba shogirdi sohibjashn, shoirai nomvar Farzona dod. Notiq ustodi sheri navinro(5) bo sukhanoni samimona yodovar shud.

Olimon: Usmonjon Gafforov, Atakhon Sayfulloev, adibon: Dodojon Rajabi, Nurmuhammad Niyozi va digaron sohibjashnro ba neki(6) yod kardand va az ruzgori u voqeoti(3) nodire hikoyat namudand. Ozarakhsh bar matni sheri Loiq su- rude khonda khotiri hozirinro(3) bolida dosht.

Mahfil ruhi shoiri tavonoro bo sukhanhoi pur az mehru muhabbat shod gardond.

9       1) Dar in khabarho oyo se nuktai muhimi in janr – kay, dar kujo,

chi voqea ruy dod, zikr yoftaast?

Dar khabar kadom dalelho vozeh va daqiq bayon shudaand?

Sarlavhaho muhtavoi asosii khabarhoro dar bar megirand va to chi andoza joliband?

Matnho khususiyati hikoyat, tasvir yo muhokima dorand?

Sarkhatho va dar dokhili onho jumlaho ba vasilai kadom un- surhoi lugavi va grammatiki bo hamdigar aloqamand shudaand?

Kadom kalima yo istilohho ba nazaraton taru toza namudand? Onho bo chi maqsad sokhta va istifoda shudaand?

Dar maqolahoi bolo kadom kalimayu istilohot mundarijai asosii khabarro inikos mekunand? Onhoro ba daftar navised va bo ham muqoisa namuda, muqarrar kuned, ki dar khabarho besh- tar kalimayu istilohhoi kadom sohai hayoti iqtisodi yo farhan- gi ba kor burda shudaand?

Kalimahoi sokhta va murakkabro ba du sutun navishta, dar qav- sayn bo harf ishora kuned, ki onho ba kadom hissai nutq taal- luq dorand.

YAgon mavzui farhangii voqeiro intikhob namuda, khabar navi- sed va ba on sarlavhai sozgor va jolib fikr kuned.
Ocherk janri mamuli ruznomanigori buda, chunin asari khurdi badeist, ki dar on, odatan, voqeai ijtimoi inikos meyobad. Farqi on az digar asarhoi badei, az jumla az hikoya yo novella, in ast, ki hodisa yo voqeahoi zindagi, makonu zamon va qahramononi on shakhsoni voqeiand. Hususiyati muhimtarini ocherk dar asosi sanad va dalelhoi shay inikos namudani haqiqati hayoti ijtimoii jomea ba shumor meravad.
tarbiyavi, obzori baynalkhalqi, mukhbirnoma, reportaj, feleton, pamflet, musohiba, lavha, ocherk, sharhi varzish az jumlai janrhoi publisistika ba shumor meravand.

Ocherk safari yo yoddoshti, chehranigori (portreti) va prob- lemavi meshavad. Dar ocherki safari nigoranda hangomi safar har manzara, muhiti zisti mardum, ki didaastu ba nazari u az yagon jihat jolib va ahamiyatnok namudaast, ba qalam medihad. Dar ocherki portreti simoi zohiriyu botinii shakhs, nazari vay ba koru zindagi, munosibati u ba digaron tasvir meyobad.
Dar ocherki problemavi ruznomanigor yagon masalai dogi ruzro, ki jomea ba barrasi va halli on niyoz dorad, mavridi tahlilu natijagiri qaror medihad.

Ocherkho az lihozi hajm khurd va kalon meshavand. Ocherk- hoi adabiyu tarikhii S. Ayni «Qahramoni khalqi tojik Temurmalik», «Isyoni Muqanna» va gayra kalonhajm buda, ocherkhoi navisandagon F. Muhammadiev, M. Najmiddinov, B.Murtazoev va digaron hajman khurdand.

Honandai javon, kishvari mo yak gushai zebomanzari ruyi Za- min ast. Hud bore ba kuhsori on baroi sayohat raftai, qullahoi osmonbusro didai, nahrhoi shukhi kuhi, sohilhoi sabzu khur- rami onro tamosho kardai. Hej naboshad, husnu zeboii hushra- boi manzarahoi fasli bahori tabiati kuhistoni tojikro dar asarhoi S.Ayni khondai. Tu ham qalam ba dast bigir va az on ogoz bikun, ki kay, hamrohi ki, ba kadom munosibat, ba kujo sa- far kardai va dar on jo chi manzarahoro didai, bo chi kason vokhurdai va az on safar chi taassuroti nek yo bad bardoshtai.