Home / Jugrofia / UZBEKISTON

UZBEKISTON

In davlat dar bayni mamlakathoi Osiyoi Markazi mavqei khos dorad. Qalamravi on az shimolu garb ba janubu sharq dar miyoni daryohoi Omu va Sir tul kashidaast. Uzbekiston dar mintaqa yak nav mavqei markaziro ishgol kardaast, ki tavassuti qalamravi on rohhoi ohan va avtomobili mintaqa bo ham payvasta shuda, shabakai yagonai naqliyoti onro tashkil mekunand. Uzbekiston dar janub bo Afgoniston, dar garb bo Turkmaniston, dar shimol bo Qazoqiston va dar sharq bo Tojikistonu Qirgiziston hammarz meboshad.

Tabiat va sarvathoi tabii. Duri az uqyonusu bahrho, joygir budan dar markazi mintaqa, gunogunii relef khususiyathoi tabiii in kishvarro muayyan mekunand. Uzbekiston yake az kishvarhoi hamvori Osiyoi Markazi meboshad. Dar zeri tasiri in omilhoi tabii iqlimi shadidi kontinentalii khushk tashakkul yoftaast, ki baroi qalamravi mintaqa khos ast. Harorati havo tobiston dar biyoboni Qizilqum garm va dar kuhhoi atrof nisbatan sard meboshad. Iqlimi Uzbekiston khele garm buda, baroi ravnaqi sohai pakhtakori musoid ast.

Dar in sarzamin vobasta ba sharoiti tabii miqdori borishot niz nobarobar ast. Masalan dar nohiyahoi janubi va garmtarini on Kushka, Tirmiz miqdori borishot to 80 mm, dar shimol ba 100-150 mm merasad. Dar mintaqahoi kuhii Uzbekiston to 1000 mm borishot meshavad. Az hama nohiyai serborishi Uzbekiston vodii Fargona, khususan domanakuhhoi on ba shumor meravad.

Zamini Uzbekiston az sarvathoi tabii, khususan filizhoi ranga, nodir va qimatbaho (tillo va uran) boy ast. Az sarvathoi gayrimadani angisht, naft, gaz, grafit, namak, bentonit va fosforit mavjud ast. Konhoi angisht dar SHargun va konhoi gaz dar qismi janubi – Muborak, Gazli, Jorkon; dar qismi garbi – Nain va dar Qaroqalpoqiston – SHakhpakhti joygir shudaand. Dar Olmaliq madani mis mavjud ast.

Aholi beshtar az hisobi afzoishi tabii ziyod meshavad, ki ba sari 1000 nafar 22,7 tavallud rost meoyad. Qismi asosii aholi dar vodihoi baynikuhi zindagi mekunad. Zichii miyonai aholi dar 1 km2 55,3 nafarro tashkil medihad. Dar nohiyahoi kishovarzi in nishondihanda dar 1 km2 ba 380 nafar barobar ast. Dar mintaqai biyoboni aholii doimi nest. Darozumrii miyonai aholi: mardho – 60,1 sol va zanho – 67,5 sol meboshad. Dar Uzbekiston ziyoda az 120 khalqu millat zindagi mekunad.

Hojagii Uzbekiston bisyorsoha meboshad. Sohahoi rushdyofta sano- ati moshinsozi, gazu khimiya, metallurgiyai ranga, elektroenergetika ba shumor meravand, ki dar asosi ashyoi khomi mahalli tashakkul yoftaand. Dar Uzbekiston pakhtakori va sanoati vobasta ba on ba sohai takhassusi tabdil shudaast. Onho yakjoya majmui kishovarziyu sanoatii mamlakatro tashkil mekunand. In soha parvarishu korkardi pakhta, chigit, istehsoli moshinhoi pakhtachini, pakhtatozakuni, taj- hizoti bofandagi, nurihoi minerali, moshinhoi sohai kishovarzi va gayraro muttahid kardaast. Dar ayni zamon Uzbekiston 60%-i pakhtai kishvarhoi IDM-ro istehsol mekunad. Pakhta asosan dar vodii Fargona, Toshkand, Zarafshon va Dilvarzin kisht karda meshavad va dar in mintaqa beshtar az 100 korkhonai pakhtatozakuni mavjud ast. Dar zaminai sarvathoi zerizamini sanoati metallurgiyai ranga tashakkul yoftaast. Kalontarin korkhonai on kombinathoi metallurgii Olmaliq va Zarafshon meboshand. Dar onho istehsol va korkardi mis, ruh, surb, tillo va gayra ba roh monda shudaast. Dar Bekobod korkhonai aznavgudozi va kombinati metallurgiyai siyoh amal mekunad. Sanoati khimiya ba tavri kompleksi dar Navoi, Toshkand, CHimkent va gayra rivoj yoftaast.

Istehsoli naft dar vodii Fargona, Bukhoro va Surkhondaryo ba roh monda shudaast. Sohai gidroenergetikai Uzbekiston niz dar holi taraqqiyot meboshad. Kalontari NBO dar daryoi Ohangaron (Angren) sokhta shudaast. Dar daryoi CHirchiq niz yak qator silsilanerugohho – CHorvoq, Hojand, Gazakin sokhta shudaand. Dar daryohoi Omu va Sir niz NBO bunyod shudaand. Tamomi korkhonahoi alaviyu gidravliki to solhoi 90-umi asri HH sokhta shudaand, ki iqtidori onho 52,2 mlrd kvt/s quvvai barq meboshad. Hamchunin sanoati konservai mevayu sabzavot, istehsoli sharob, konyak, korkhonahoi bofandagi, duzandagi, charmu poyafzol niz amal mekunand. Muvofiqi malumoti solhoi okhir sanoati suzishvoriyu energetiki – 21%, sanoati sabuk – 20%, khurokvori – 13%, metallurgiya – 12%, moshinsozi – 11%-i mahsuloti umumii sanoati in mamlakatro istehsol mekunand.

Geografiyai kishovarzi. Rushdi kishovarzii in kishvar ba obyori vobasta ast va 15%-i qalamravi onro zaminhoi obi tashkil medihand. 70%-i zamini korami Uzbekistonro pakhtazor ishgol kardaast. Pakhtakori dar vodihoi Fargona, CHirchiq, Ohangaron, Zarafshon, Surkhondaryo, Qashqadaryo va poyonobi daryoi Omu ba roh monda shudaast.

Geografiyai naqliyot. Dar qalamravi Uzbekiston hamai sohahoi naqliyot khub rushd kardaast, ammo dar aloqai dokhili va beruni rohi ohan bartari dorad. Hamai shahrhoi kaloni mamlakat dar sari rohi ohan voqe shudaand. Dar aloqai bayni nohiyaho inchunin naqliyoti avtomobili va havoi sahmi kalon dorad. Darozii rohi ohan 6700 km va rohi avtomobili 3500 km-ro tashkil mekunad.

Uzbekiston yake az kalontarin kishvarhoi istehsolkunandai tillo dar dunyo meboshad (100t dar yak sol). Sanoati gazi Uzbekiston na tanho talaboti kishvarro qone megardonad, inchunin ba Qazoqiston va Qirgiziston gaz sodir mekunad.

Инчунин кобед

SHaroitu zakhirahoi tabii Kuba

Kuba tabiati boyu rangin dorad. Hristofor Kolumb badi kashfi Kuba onro zebotarin jazirai ukyonus nomid. …