VAZIYATI BAYNALMILALI VA SAHMI IJSHS DAR MUSTAHKAM NAMUDANI SULH DAR JAHON

         VAZIYATI BAYNALMILALI VA SAHMI IJSHS DAR MUSTAHKAM NAMUDANI SULH DAR JAHON

Vaziyati       dar solhoi 50-80-um vaziyati baynalkhalqi murakkab bud. Dar bayni du sokhtori jahoni – sotsialisti va kapitalisti mukholifat shiddat megirift.

Halqhoi jahon, ki oqibathoi Jangi duyumi jahonro khub medonistand, takror shudani onro nakhosta, faoliyati khudro baroi peshgiri kardani on ravona mekardand. Dar safi peshi ziddi jangi navi jahoni mamlakathoi sotsialisti, harakati baynalmilalii kommunisti-korgari, mamlakathoi betaraf, ki ba ahdnomahoi harbi dokhil nameshudand, meistodand. In amaliyotro inchunin tashkilothoi ommavii baynalmilali, Federatsiyai zanon, javonon, Ittifoqhoi kasaba va gayra dastgiri mekardand. Dar in solho mavqe va obruyi Sozmoni Milali Muttahid boz ham afzud. On dar in solho baroi nigoh doshtani sulh va roh nadodan ba jangi navi jahoni chorahoi mushakhkhas meandeshid. Dar in bora tadbirhoi zerini SMM shahodat medihand: Izhorot (s. 1960) dar borai ba hamai mustamlikaho, khalqho dodani huquqi istiqloliyati milli; Qarori sessiyai XVI Assambleyai Generalii SMM (s. 1961) oid ba mintaqai biduni silohi hastai elon shudani qitai Afriqo; qabuli Izhorot dar khususi mani istifodai silohi hastai va termoyadroi; qabuli Ahdnoma (s. 1969) oid ba mani joygirkunii silohi hastai va digar navhoi silohi qatli om dar zeri bahru uqyonus va gayraho.

Sozmoni yagonagii Afriqo, ki soli 1963 bo kushishi 32 davlati qitai Afriqo tashkil gardida bud, niz dar poydorii sulh dar jahon sahmi arzandai khudro guzosht.

Bar khilofi bloki harbii Atlantikai SHimoli (NATO) mohi mayi soli 1955 SHartnomai Varshava tashkil yoft. CHunin muvozinat peshi rohi jangi navro girift.

Muvofiqi Konstitutsiya Jumhurii Tojikiston, chun uzvi judonashavadai IJSHS, siyosati baynalmilalii mamlakatro dastgiri mekard. IJSHS ba siyosati hamzistii osoishtai mamlakathoi sokhti siyosiashon gunogun takya karda, bo tashabbushoi najib baromad menamud. Az on jumla mohi marti soli 1958 SHuroi Olii IJSHS oid ba mani ozmoishi silohi hastai va vodorodi qaror qabul namud; soli 1960 quvvahoi musallahi IJSHS kam karda shudand; Ittihodi SHuravi munosibathoi bay- nalmilaliro inkishof doda, bo bisyor davlatho ahdnomaho imzo kard.

Bo sarvarii IMA Ahdnomai Atlantikai SHimoli va blokhoi digari tajovuzkor tashkil doda shudand. Dar tuli 30 soli badijangi munosibati bayni davlathoi sotsialisti bo sarva- rii IJSHS va kapitalisti bo sardorii IMA boisi sar zadani «jangi sard» gardid.

Dar solhoi 50-60-um vobasta ba voqeahoi Vengriya (s. 1956), Kuba (s. 1962), CHekhoslovakiya (s. 1968) dar vaziyati baynalmilali khavfi «jangi otashfishon» ba amal omad.

IJSHS inchunin mamlakathoi az nizomi mustamlikavi ozodshudaro pushtboni karda, dar khomush namudani janghoi mahalli sahm meguzosht. Inro dar misoli hujumi davlathoi Angliya, Faronsa va Isroil ba muqobili Misr (s. 1956), hujumi IMA, Angliya ba Iroq (s. 1958), hujumi harbii Isroil ba muqobili Misr, Suriya va Urdun (s. 1967) va gayra mushohida kardan mumkin bud.

Solhoi 50-60-um dar rushdi jamiyatii jahon masalai shikasti nizomi mustamlikadori joyi makhsusro ishgol mekunad. Dar in davra ziyoda az 70 mamlakat istiqloliyati siyosi ba dast daro- vardand, vale dar aksari in mamlakathoi nav ozodshuda ba joyi zulmi mustamlikavi boz shakli digari mustamlikadori ba vujud omad, chunki chande az mamlakathoi Afriqo va Amrikoi Lotini qarzi imperalistonro doda natavonistand va sol to sol foizi onho meafzud.

Mamlakathoi sotsialisti prinsiphoi demokratiro pesh girifta, ba davlathoi javoni ozodshuda yorii ilmiyu tekhniki va farhangii begarazona merasondand. Tanho bo kumaki IJSHS 680 korkhonai sanoati va digar obekthoi sokhtmoni qomat rost kardand. Dar natijai chunin kumakho aksari in davlatho hayoti ijtimoiyu iqtisodii khudro purquvvat namuda, ba sathi mamlakathoi taraqqikardai jahon nazdik shudand.

Davlati SHuravi dar solhoi 50 – 80-um siyosati sulhro pesh girifta, dar miqyosi baynalmilali baroi kam kardani siloh, shumorai sarbozon, mani ozmoishi silohi hastai chand taklifi digari mushakhkhasro peshnihod namud, ki onho ba mustahkam gardidani sulh dar ruyi zamin musoidat kardand.

Dar avvali solhoi 70-um IJSHS Barnomai sulhro qabul namud, ki tatbiqi on munosibathoi bayni davlathoi sokhtori sot- sialistiro bo sarmoyadori to yak andoza mutadil gardond. Bar- noma, khususan dar tamini bekhatarii kollektivi dar Avrupo, kam kardani bazahoi harbii khoriji, barham dodani nuqtahoi otashi jang va khotima dodani mojarohoi mintaqavi khizmat kard.

Hamin tavr, musobiqai tarikhii du sokhtori bo ham zid zarurati voqeii peshgiri namudani siyosati «jangi sard»-ro ba miyon ovarda, sababi behtar shudani vaziyati baynalkhalqi gardid.

Soli 1971 mamlakathoi sotsialisti dar doirai SHuroi yorii baynihamdigarii iqtisodi (SEV) Barnomai kompleksii integratsiyai iqtisodiro baroi 15 -20 sol qabul namudand. In barnoma iqtidori iqtisodii mamlakathoi sotsialistiro purquvvat va mavqei tashkiloti davlathoi SHartnomai Varshavaro dar nigoh doshtani sulh dar Avrupo to yak andoza mustahkam namud.

Sahmi JSHS Tojikiston dar tamini sulh dar jahon

Sarfi nazar az ikhtilofho, robitahoi iqtisodi, tekhniki va farhangi dar bayni mamlakathoi sokhti siyosiashon gunogun sol az sol mustahkam megardidand.

JSHS Tojikiston siyosati khorijii IJSHS- ro dastgiri namuda, sahmi arzandai khudro dar tamini sulh meguzosht. Robitahoi baynalmilalii jumhuri dar mubodilai hayathoi namoyandagi, robitahoi iqtisodi, farhangi, varzishi va sayyohi ifoda meyoftand.

Hayathoi jamiyatii khorijiro sozmonhoi jamiyatii jumhuri, az jumla Jamiyati dusti va robitahoi farhangii Tojikiston bo mamlakathoi khoriji qabul mekardand. Tojikiston khusu- san bo guzaronidani mohvora, haftavora va ruzhoi IJSHS dar mamlakathoi khoriji, ki dar misoli jumhurii alohidai ittifoqi meguzashtand, khubtar muarrifi megardid. CHunonchi, soli 1976 ruzhoi IJSHS dar misoli JSHS Tojikiston dar Faronsa, soli 1977 dar Iroq, soli 1980 dar YUnon, Italiya, Tunis bomuvaffaqiyat guzashtand.

Ravobiti baynalmilalii iqtisodii Tojikiston niz in solho dar shakli sodiroti mahsuloti sanoati, kishovarzy, ishtirok dar yarmarkaho va namoishgohhoi baynalkhalqii sanoati rushd meyof- tand. Tojikiston mahsuloti kheshro ba beshtar az 40 mamlakati khoriji mefiristod, vale mablagi mahsuloti barovardashuda bo puli khoriji (valyuta) ba khazinai Ittifoq meraft va Hukumati Jumhuri onro istifoda burda nametavonist.

Nimai duyumi asri XX dar tarikhi bashar solhoe budand, ki lavozimoti jangi hastaii qatli om beshtar istehsol shuda, qismhoi harbii yakchand mamlakatho bo on musallah gardidand. Mutaassifona, hanuz ham khavfu khatari istifodai on boqi mondaast, binobar in khalqi tojik hamesha tarafdori nest kardani chunin siloh buda, harakati baynalmilalii sulhparvaronaro doir ba yaroqpartoi purra dastgiri mekunad.

Insoniyat tarkishi bombahoi atomiro dar shahrhoi Hirosima, Nagasaki va oqibathoi dahshatangezi onro hargiz faromush nakhohad kard. Dar solhoi «jangi sard» istehsol va ozmoishi silohi harbi, khususan hastai, mardumi jahonro ba iztirob ovard. Sarfi nazar az nizomhoi gunoguni siyosi dar jahon, khushbakhtona, quvvahoi solime paydo gardidand, ki kori sulhro dar ruyi zamin tamin namudand.

Jumhurii Tojikiston bahri tantanai sulh dar ruyi zamin tadbirhoi mashakhkhas meandeshid. Dar jumhuri Ruzi sulh guzaronida shuda, shahrvandon talab mekardand, ki ozmoish va istehsoli silohi hastai man karda shavad. SHahrvandoni Tojikiston dar qatori digar khalqhoi Ittihodi SHuravi ziddi janghoi mahalli (lokali) baromad namuda, talab mekardand, ki jangho khoti- ma doda shuda, mustamlikahoi dar Osiyo, Afriqo va Amerikai Lotini buda ozod gardand.

Sol to sol maqomi Jumhurii Tojikiston dar mustahkam namudani dustii bayni khalqhoi jahon meafzud, ba mardumi musibatdida yorii manavi va moddii khudro merasonid. Dar kollektivhoi mehnati muntazam marakai jamovarii mablag, liboshoi gunogun, khurokvori va gayra guzaronida meshud.

Hamin tavr, solhoi 50-80-umi asri guzashta Jumhurii Tojikiston, chun uzvi judonashavandai IJSHS, tavonist sahmi khudro doir ba tamini sulh dar jahon guzorad.

Ba tufayli guzaronidani siyosati darhoi kushoda jomeai shuraviro jahoniyon va mamlakathoi khorijiro shahrvandoni IJSHS khubtar shinokhtand, tafakkur va fahmishi odamon tagyir yoft. In siyosat «jangi sard»-ro to ba hamzistii osoishta ovarda rasonid.