Илмхона Комрон.инфо
Beysik (Va^s) az harfhoi avvali kalimahoi anglisii «Vedtpeg’8 A11 rigroze 8itoKs 1p81gisIop Sode» girifta shuda, ba zaboni tojiki «Zaboni bisyormaqsadai dasturhoi ramzi baroi navomuzon» tarjuma karda meshavad. In zabon soli 1965 az tarafi professoroni kolleji Darmutski IMA – Z. Kemeni va T. Kurts ejod shudaast. Beysik baroi halli masalahoi doroi kharakteri ham hisobi va ham gayrihisobidoshta va inchunin baroi mukolamai bayni korbaru kompyuter peshbini shudaast. On dar istifoda khele odi ast. To imruz yakchand namunai zaboni Beysik, ki az hamdigar muvofiqi vazifahoyashon farq mekunand, kor karda baromad shudaast.
Barnoma dar zaboni Beysik az paydarpayii satrho iborat ast. Har yak satr metavonad raqami tartibii khudro doshta boshad. Baze namunahoi zaboni Beysik be zarurat baroi hamai satrho nishon dodani raqami tartibiro talab namekunand. Dar in guna namunaho tanho ba on satrhoe raqam meguzorand, ki idorakuni ba onho ravon karda shuda boshad. Dar namunahoe, ki satrhoyashon raqam dorand, dar navbati avval satri raqami tartibiash az hama khurdtar ijro megardad. Odatan satrhoro bo qadami 10 raqamguzori mekunand, ki in baroi ba barnoma ilova namudani satrhoi nav imkoniyat faroham meovarad. Masalan, agar mo dar bayni satrhoi raqamashon 40 va 50 satri digarro hamroh kardani shavem, on goh metavonem ba on raqami tartibii 45 (az 41 to 49)-ro guzorem. YAk satri barnoma metavonad yak yo yakchand operatorro (dasturhoi kompyuteriro) dar bar girad. Dar in guna mavridho operatorho az hamdigar bo yorii alomati du nuqta (:) judo karda meshavand.
Mo bo namunai ^Va$S ki az namunahoi peshinai zabon tavassuti doroi vositahoi muosiri barnomarezii mo-duli budanash farq mekunad, shinos khohem shud. Boyad qayd kard, ki (^Vi^s dar istifodai hamai tarzu uslubi tekhnologiyai barnomarezii muosir sozgor ast. Afzaliyathoi ^Bayae:
- doroi tahrirgari ekrani budan
- dar hajmi barnoma mahdudiyat naguzoshtan
- be zaruriyat ba satrhoi barnoma raqamguzori nakardan
- imkoniyati istifodai tagyiryobandahoi mahalli (lokali) doshtan.
Biguzor korbar dar kompyuteri khud barnomai ^Va- h/S-ro nasb karda boshad. Agar sistemai operatsionii kori M8 \\’1p\1o\\-o boshad, on goh parvandai ^Vams-ro bo pakhshi dukaratai tugmai chapi mush ba kor omoda sokhtan mumkin ast. Dar mavridi pakhshi tugmai -H- I malumotnomai ^Bame ba ekran davat karda meshavad. Agar tugmai Ezs pakhsh karda shavad, on goh qismi markazii ravzanai ^Vams toza shuda, tahrirgari on ba kor omoda megardad. Dar in mavrid matni barnomai navro ba kompyuter dokhil yo matni yagon barnomai peshtar sokhtashudaro tahrir kardan mumkin ast. Ravzanai asosii ^Vams ba du hissa – ravzanai viroish (EdSHpd \\’1p\1o\\;) va ravzanai ijroish (1tteSHa1e \\’1p\1o\\;) taqsim meshavad. Hangomi omodai kor budani (^Vi^s kursor dar ravzanai viroish qaror dorad. Matni barnomai dokhilkardashudaro tavassuti hamin ravzana
didan mumkin ast. Ba matni barnoma dokhil kardani tagyirotro niz bo yorii hamin ravzana anjom medihand. Ijroi barnoma va hatto dar parvanda nigoh doshtani on niz mahz az hamin ravzana amali gardonida meshavad.
Ravzanai ijroish dar qismi poyonii ekran joygir buda, dar on ba tavri favri natijai ijroi farmonhoro didan mumkin ast. Baroi ba in ravzana guzashtan, kifoya ast, ki
tugmai | | pakhsh karda shavad. Baroi ijroi farmoni
zaruri boshad, tugmai ^G^-ro pakhsh kardan kifoya ast.
Baroi shurui kori barnomai mavjuda az farmoni Ijro ►Ogoz (Kip ► ZSH! – Zapusk ►Pusk) istifoda burdan va yo tugmahoi «ziy va | m S-ro pakhsh kardan lozim ast. Pas az in ekran toza gardida, natijai ijroi barnoma dar on paydo meshavad va to pakhshi yagon tugmai ikhtiyorii digar satri natijavi dar on jo betagyir boqi memonad.
Baroi az nav muoina kardani natijahoi ijroi barnoma, azfarmoni Peshdid ► Ekranikhorijkuni (Meyu ► Oshri! Vsgeep – Prosmotr^Ekran vivoda) yo pakhshi tugmai istifoda mebarand. Agar ravandi ijroi barnoma bo yagon sababe qat shuda boshad, on goh baroi davom dodani on az farmoni Ijro ► Davom dodan (Kip ► Sopipie – Zapusk ►ProDoljit) yo pakhshi tugmai ( ¾ | istifoda mebarand.
Har yak satri matni barnomaro, ki bo pakhshi tugmai
ba anjom merasad, tahrirgar hamchun operatori ^Vais ul karda, favran korkard menamoyad. Korkard dar se zina amali gashta, az lahzai pakhshi tugmai |; , | yo guzashtani kursor ba satri digar ogoz meyobad.
Dar zinai avval tahlili sintaksisii operatori navbati guzaronida meshavad. Agar dar navishti operator ba khatogie (galat, sahv) roh doda boshem, on goh favran dar ekran ravzanai malumot oid ba navi on khato paydo meshavad va mavqei joygirshaviash dar satri barnoma ba qayd girifta meshavad. Dar mavridi pakhshi tugmai
ravzanai mazkur basta megardad va kursor ba mavqei baqaydgirifta bargashta, imkoniyati isloh namudani galati mazkur faroham meoyad.
Ogozi zinai duyum – in anjomi tahriri satri barnoma ast, yane agar operatori mazkur az nuqtai nazari qoidahoi sintaksisi durust tashakkul yofta boshad, on goh ba tavri khudkor zinai formatbandii satri barnoma ogoz meyobad. Ravandi formatbandi az ilovakuni yo hazfi fosilaho (probelho), guzaronidani kalimahoi khidmati (kalidi) ba registri boloi (harfhoi kalon) va hamrangsozi darozii identifikatorho (nomho) iborat ast.
Zinai seyum – in translyatsiya (tarjuma/taboduli satri barnomavi ba ramzhoi moshini – ramzbandii raqami/dui) va ijroi satri mazkur tavassuti kompyuter ast. Va hamin tariq, kompyuter pay dar pay satrhoi barnomaro avval ba ramzhoi moshini tabdil medihad va bad favran onhoro ijro mekunad.
Agar barnomai murattabsokhtaro dar oyanda niz istifoda burdani boshem, on goh onro boyad dar shakli parvanda (fayl) dar disk nigoh dorem. Baroi in chun harvaqta az menyui Parvanda (GIe – Fayl) bandi Nigokhdori hamchun (8a^e A$ – Sokhranit kak)-ro intikhob kardan lozim ast. Dar natija dar ekran ravzanai robitavi paydo meshavad, ki bo yorii on nomi parvandaro ba qayd giriftan lozim ast. Agar baroi barnoma holo nom intikhob nakarda boshem, on goh on dar muhiti ^Vams hamchun sanadi benom – ishSHed ba qayd girifta meshavad. Darozii nomi parvandai barnoma naboyad beshtar az 8 ramz (harfhoi lotini va raqamhoi arabi) boshad va hatman boyad az harf ogoz yobad. (^Vi^s ba nomi parvandahoi khud qismi ilovagii .VA8-ro hamroh mekunad. Nomi parvanda hamchun peshfarz dar juzdoni (papkai, katalogi, direktoriyai) jori nigoh doshta meshavad. Lekin korbar metavonad parvandaro dar juzdoni dilkhoh sabt namoyad. Azbaski parvandai ^Vams hamchun parvandai matni ba qayd girifta meshavad, pas
onro bo yorii tahrirgari matnii dilkhoh kushodan va muoina kardan mumkin ast.
Baroi sokhtani barnomai nav avval bo tarzi zerin barnomai joriro hazf kardan lozim ast:
tavassuti pakhshi tugmahoi (GIe – Fayl) guzashtan
bandi Sokhtan (№yu – SozDat)-ro barguzidan tavassuti pakhshi tugmahoi
Dar natija, ekran az hama navishtajot pok megardad va dar sarlavhai ravzanai barnoma kalimai SMMed (benom) paydo meshavad. Baroi burunshavi az muhiti ^Vams amaliyoti zerinro ijro kardan lozim ast:
