ZAMINAHOI PAYDOYISHI SHABAKAHOI KOMPYUTERY

SHabaka. Agar du va ziyoda kompyuter bo hamdigar bo yagon usule payvast (simy, mavji va gayra) shuda, bayni hdmdigar irtibot barkaror karda tavonand, on gokh meguyand, ki onho dar shabakai kompyutery karor dorand. SHabakai kompyuteri vositai puriqtidori mubodilai ittilooti bayni kompyuterho meboshad. Dar amaliya, vobasta az hajmi ittilooti dar halli masalaho istifodashavanda, az shabakahoi kompyuterii makhally (lokaly), mnntakavy (regionaly), ittikhodiyavy (korporativy) va sarosary (globaly) istifoda mebarand.

Modemho ba modemhoi dohilI va berunI taqsim meshavand. Modemhoe, ki dar dohili bloki sistemavii kompyuter choIgirand, modemhoi dohilI va modemhoe, ki ba vositai noqili mahsus (sim) bo qompyuter paIvastand, modemhoi berunI nom dorand. Ham i n tariq, har guna qompyutere, qi doroI modem va taminoti barnomavii ba on muvofiq meboshad, metavonad ittilootro ba qompyuterhoi digar ravona sozad va az onho ittilootro qabul namoyad.
SHumo metavoned kompyuteratonro ba hati telefon payvast namuda, bo kompyutery digare, ki on ham ba hati telefon payvast
ast, aloqa barqaror namoed. Baroi amaly gashtani in maqsad zarur ast, qi sistemahoi qompyutery doroi modem boshand. Modem ittilooti kompyuteriro ba signalhoi telefonY va baraks, signalhoi telefoniro ba ittilooti kompyuterY tabdil medihad va ba vositai hati telefon onhoro pahn menamoyad.

SSSR (sobiq Ittihodi SHuravI) soli 1957 avvalin mushaqi Zaminro ba qaIhon sar dod, qi on baroi paIdoIishi Internet ibtido guzosht. Pas az in hodisa dar vazorati mudofiai IMA agentii naqshahoi durnamo -) sozmon doda shud. Soli 1962 AKRA dar nazdi hud vazifa guzosht, qi baroi paIvast namudani qompyuterhoi az hamdigar dar masofai dur joIgirbuda, qomponenthoi nav va taminoti barnomavii ba onho munofiqro sozad. Dar natija, shabaqai qompyuterii AKRAHET paIdo shud. Bo yorii in shabaqa ittiloot az yaq qompyuter ba qompyuteri* digar na ba tavri befosila, balqi qiem ba qiem ravon va qabul qarda meshud. Vale pas az 10 sol namudhoi gunoguni alo qai baIni qompyuterho (ravon va qabulqunii parvandaho, ba qor andohtani barnomaho, pochtai eleqtronI va gaIra) ba vujud omadand. Sohi 1982 boshad, protoqoli (hizmatrasonii mahsusi shabaqavI) TSR/1R ihtiro qarda shud, qi on ogozi tantanai Internet ba hisob meravad. Ba vositai in protoqol

soli 1984 – 1 hazor kompyuter
soli 1987 – 10 hazor kompyuter
soli 1989 – 100 hazor kompyuter
soli 1992 – 1 million kompyuter
soli 1996 – 13 million kompyuter
soli 2000 – 100 million kompyuter
soli 2010 – q^(eib 1 milliard kompyuter

bo hamdigar paIvast shudaand. Soli 2011 shabaqai Internet ziyoda az 1 milliard qompyuterro bo hamdigar paIvast namudaast.

Dili shabaqai Internet az yaqchand qompyuterhoi puriqtidor iborat ast, qi onho ba vositai hathOi aloqa bo hamdigar paIvandand. Surati mubodilai ittiloot dar in in qompyuterho ziyoda az 200 million bit dar yaq soniya meboshad. Bo in
kompyuterho, dar navbati khud, ba vositai khathoi aloqai surati mubodilaashon susttar sadho hazor kompyuterhoi digar paIvast meshavand. Bo kompyuterhoi navbatI ba vositai kanalhoi makhsus va hathoi mukarrarii telefonI boz millionho kompyuterhoi digar paIvast shuda, dar natija alokai ziyoda az yak milliard kompyuterro ba vositai shabakai Internet bo hamdigar barkaror menamoyand.

*Tavre hotirnishon namudem, agar shabakahoi mahallI yak mikdor kompyuterhoi yagon tashkilotro bo ham paIvast kunand ham, vale onho dastras namudani ittilooti dar kompyuterhoi ba in shabaka paIvast nabudaro tamin karda nametavonand. Dar junin mavridho istifodabarandagon metavonand az shabakahoi mintakavI istifoda barand, ki onho hamai shabakahoi mahallii yak mintakaro (tashkilotho, nohiyaho, shahrho va gaIra) dar hud muttahid mesozand. BIsyor muassisavu tashkilotho, ba misli tashkilothoi harbI, bonkI va gaIra, baroi hifzi ittiloo1 dar baIni hud shabakahoi ittihodiyavI sozmon medihand. SHabakai sarosarii kompyuterii Internet boshad, dar hud shabakahoi ziyodi mahallI, mintakavI va korporativiro muttahid namuda, fazoI ittilootii yagonai jahoniro ba vujud ovardaast, ki az hizmati on milliardho odamon har ruz barhurdorand.

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