Ilm

Vobasta az helhoi gunoguni zahirahoi iqtisodi namudhoi farqkunandai bozori omilhoi istehsolot meshavand: bozori mehnat, bozori sarmoya, bozori zamin kandanihoi tabiy va bozori kobiliyathoi sohibkori. In jo asosan dar borai khususiyathoi bozori mehnat va sarmoya sukhan meronem. SHarhi purrai onho dar mavzuhoi oyanda bayon megardad. Har yak namudi bozori zakhiraho khususiyathoi …

Zakhirahoi dar istehsoli mol va khizmatrasoni ishtirokkunandaro omilhoi istehsolot menomand. Dar ilmi iqtisodi chor guruhi omilhoi asosii istehsolotro judo mekunand: zakhirahoi insoni (mehnat); zakhirahoi tabii (zamin); sarmoya; faoliyati sohibkori. Har yaki az in omilkho dar nizomi iqtisodi mavqei khudro dorad va vazifakhoi muayyanro ijro menamoyad. Zakhirahoi insoni – (yo ki …

Dar adabiyoti muosiri iqtisodi hamchun zinai ibtidoii ilmi «Nazariyai iqtisod», vohidu ravandi alohida, obekti mustaqil va hudidorakunandai iqtisodiyot tasavvur karda meshavad. Mikroiqtisod az vojai YUnonii Mikros (khurd) girifta shuda, manoi tashkil va tashakkuli hodisa va ravandhoi iqtisodiro dar doirai oila, korkhona, firma, ittihodiya, yane kulli aloqa va munosibatho oidi khonadori …

Novobasta az gunogunii aqida va nazariyaho iqtisodchiyonro chunin khislathoi umumii firma ba ham nazdik va muttahid menamoyad: firma hamjun vohidi mustaqil va subekti asosiyu ba harakatdarovarandai bozor meboshad. On dar halqai iqtosodi bozori ba sifati subekti tavlidgar, furushanda, peshnihodgari nemathovu khadamot, miyonaravu kharidor, istemolgari zakhirahoi mahdudi iqtisodi va dar in …

Korkhona (firma) dar sharoiti bozor na tanho ba sifati subekti khojagidor, balki hamjun vohidi huquqi niz surat megirad. Metavonad hamchun Sohibkori Infirodi bosha dva yo Jamyaiti Doroi Masuliyatash Mahdud (JDMM). Janbahoi muhimtarini on dar konunu qonunguzorihoi huquqi tasvir va tasnif karda meshavand. Az boisi murakkabu bisyorjanba budani faoliyati har yak …

Jarayoni pai ham, doimy, ustuvor va muntazami tashkili ravandi istehsolot, yane ba ham payvast namudani omilhoi istehsolot, bo maqsadi tavlid namudani nematkhovu khadamot va ba dast ovardani foida, jarayoni takroristehsoli infirodii qorkhonahoro tashkil medihad. Ravandi doimiyu paihamtakrorshavy va nisbat ba hajmi peshtara afzoyandai doirai istehsolotro takroristehsoli vase menomand. Dar okhir, …

Faoliyati firma nisbatan murakkab va bisyorjanba (istehsoly, ijtimoy, tijoraty, burunmarzy) buda, tahti uslubhoi bozor va qonunhoi obektivii iqtisodi, dar bahsh va havzahoi gunoguni iqtisod qaror doshta, idora va tanzim karda meshavad. Faoliyati hojagidorii firma dar asosi uslubi tarhrezi (banaqshagiry), muayyan namudani ravandi korkardu tahiya, tarzu uslubi amaliyoti hozirayu oyanda, hajmu …

Zahiraho (omilho)-i iqtisodi ba sifati unsuri asosii harojoti istehsoli surat girifta, vobasta ba sath va darajai takomuli kuvvahoi istehsolkunanda, sirat va nerui nizomhoi iqtisodi, khususiyathoi tashkili firmaho, shirkatu korhonaho va ananahoi milliyu tarikhii har yak millat harkhela ba roh monda meshavad. Az in nigoh, oidi kharojot aqida va nazariyahoi mukhtalif …

Dar adabiyoti muosiri iqtisodi manidod va tafriqasozii shakl va namudhoi marksistii kharojot qarib istifoda nameshavad. Tahti kharojoti istehsolot shakli bo pul ifodayoftai kharojoti korkhona (firma) oid ba dastras kardani omilhoi istehsolot va foida fahmida meshavad. Beshtar kharojot hamchun shakli bo pul ifoda yoftai zakhirahoi iqtisodi, ki dar natijai istifodai onho, …

Dar adabiyoti muosiri iqtisodi tahti narkh shakli pulii ifodai arzish (qimat)-i nemathovu khadamot, manfiatnokii onho hamchun natijai intihoii harojoti khojagi, ifodai pulii omilho (zahiraho)-i iqtisodi fahmida meshavad. Mohiyati aslii narkh bo vositai ijroi vazifahoi on (vazifai andozanamoy, muqoisa, bahisobgiri, tanzimu khudzamkuni, taqsimu aznavtaqsimkuni, tamini ijtimoi, muvozinii taqozoyu arza, joygirnamoii oqilonai …