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Xorijiya – raviya dar dini Islom

Xorijiya -yaki digare az on raviyahoe meboshad, ki dar islom bar asari ikhtilofi siyosi ba vujud omada ast. Tarikhi paydoishi raviyai khorijiyaro bidatnigoroni islomi ba natijai muhoribai bayni sipohi Ali ibn Abitolib (r) va hokimi Suriya Muoviya dar mahale bo nomi Siffin (s. 657) surat girifta, vobasta mekunand, vale dar mavridi az chi iborat budani asli ikhtilof ittifoqi nazar vujud nadorad. YAke az rivoyatho chunin ast, ki guyo dar muhoribai nomburda, hangomi jang sipohi Ali nazdik bud sipohi Muoviyaro toru mor kunad, vale tarafi Muoviya bo rohi makr ba sari nayzahoi jangovaronash varaqhoi Quronro khalonda, khokhoni bo rohi guftushunid dar asosi Quron va sunnati Payombar hal kardani ikhtilof shud va dar natijai guftu shunid niz bo makru hilla namoyandai Muoviya Amr ibni Os masalaro ba manfiati Muoviya hallu fasl kardand. Az in hodisa yak guruhi 12-khazor nafari norozi shuda, az sipohi Ali khorij shudand va “khorijiya” nom giriftand.

Muhimtarin ikhtilofi onho bo mazhabi shia rui masalai imomat ast. Horijiyon mutaqidand, ki imom metavonad gayri qurayshi boshad. Tibqi aqidai onho har yak musalmone, ki onho sazovor donand, khoh gulom, khoh ozod, khoh nabati, khoh qurayshi, metavonad imom boshad. YAne, khorijiyon barobarii musalmonon va dar umuri rahbari va imomat intikhobi budani in maqomro talab mekardand. Hamin aqidai onho sababi zud intishor yoftan va payravoni ziyod paydo kardani onho gardid. Ikhtilofi digari onho az hamon ziddiyat oid ba qazovati Siffin sarchashma megirad va meguyand: “Tanho Alloh metavonad qazovat va hkm kunad” va ba hamin dalel hukmu qazovati odamonro etirof namekunand.

Horijiyon imomati Abubakru Umarro (rr) mepazirand vale imomati Usmonro(r) rad mekardand, az amali Ali (r)dar mahali Siffin norozi hastand. Baze az onho, masalan a z r a q i ya Usmon(r), Talkha, Zubayr hatto Oisha hamsar va Abdulloh ibni Abbos amaki Payombarro mahkumi duzakh va azobi abadi meshumorand. Onho jihodro ba muqobili mukholifonashon, chi musalmon va chi gayri musalmon, joiz medonand va mumini az jikhod ru toftaro kofir meshumorand. Kushtani zanon va kudakoni mukholifoni khudro ijozat dodaand. SHakhsi gunohi kabira sodir karda va ashkhose, ki faroizi diniro ijro nakardaast va hatto yak gunoh kardaand, bo vujudi etirofi vahdoniyati Hudo va risolati Muhammad(s) kofir va mahkum ba otashi duzakh medonand. Onho sangsor kardani shakhsi zino sodir karda va jazoi tuhmatkardaro bekor kardaand. Ba aqidai onho hamrohi mushrikon farzandoni onho niz ba duzakh khohand aftod. Taqiyaro na dar sukhan va na dar amal qabul nadorand. Horijiyon dar masalai sarkhushiho va hashomatu oroish sakht taassub dorand, tamokukashi va musakkirotro man karda budand.

Dar masoili aqidati onho Quronro makhluq meshumorand, ijmo va qiyosro namepazirand. Surai “YUsuf”- ro rad mekardand va onro ba shani kitobi muqaddas muvofiq nameshumorand, chun dar on oid ba ishqu muhabbati YUsuf bo zani misri rivoyat shudaast. Ba aqidai khorijiyon Parvardigor metavonad payombare firistad, ki vay bad az risolati khud kofir shavad yo pesh az risolat kofir boshad.

Avvalin namoyandagoni mashhuri khorijaya Ashas ibni Qays al-Kindi, Misar ibni Fadaq at-Tamimi, Zayd ibni Husayn- at-Toi budand, ki ba muqobili Ali (r) khuruj kardand. Horijiya niz bo mururi zamon ba chandin firqhoi ifroti va miyonarav taqsim shudand va maruftarini onho: a z r a q i ya, s u fr i ya, najdiya, b a y h a s i ya, a j r a d i ya, s a l a b i ya, i b o d i ya meboshand, ki dar navbati khud khar kadom boz ba chandin firqahoi khurdtar taqsim shudaand.

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